Atrial fibrillation is mainly associated with imbalances in the autonomic nervous system, inflammatory stimuli, and electrical and structural remodeling of the atria. Current treatments for AF include heart rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation. 1. Occurrence of atrial fibrillation: The main risk factors for atrial fibrillation include age, heart failure, hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, and the size of the left atrium, etc. Obesity, alcohol consumption, and inappropriate exercise also have an impact on the onset of atrial fibrillation. 2. Treatment of atrial fibrillation: Heart rate control drugs mainly include beta-blockers, digoxin, and non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists such as verapamil and diltiazem. Rhythm control mainly includes natural reentry, pharmacologic reentry, electrical reentry, catheter ablation and surgical treatment. 3. Anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, the drug of choice is warfarin. Anticoagulation is the most critical part of AF treatment. Appropriate anticoagulation can avoid the formation of emboli in the atrium and improve the prognosis of patients. Drugs such as Rivaroxaban are also available in addition to warfarin. The choice of drug depends on the patient’s signs, symptoms, ejection fraction and hemodynamic status, etc. Please customize the individualized diagnosis and treatment plan under the guidance of professional doctors for treatment.