Atrial septal defects, defects less than 5 mm do not need treatment, more than 5 mm need intervention, surgical repair. The treatment of atrial septal defects depends on the size of the diameter of the defect, the diameter of the defect is less than 5 millimeters is generally asymptomatic and does not require treatment. Defects larger than 5 mm in diameter have surgical indications. According to the site of the defect, interventional occlusion treatment can be chosen, and if interventional occlusion is not possible, surgical repair surgery can be performed in the open chest. The best time to treat atrial septal defects is between 3 and 5 years of age. Adults with atrial septal defects should be operated immediately if surgery is indicated. If it is combined with severe pulmonary hypertension, the chance of surgical treatment is lost. When atrial septal defects are found, it is important to seek prompt medical attention, and treatment should be evaluated based on the doctor’s judgment.