The aggravation of pain after bone cement surgery may be caused by allergy to the ingredients of bone cement, peripheral tissue damage, compression fracture and other reasons. 1. Allergy to bone cement ingredients: due to the difference of individual’s physique, allergic reaction may occur to the ingredients of bone cement, which may lead to the aggravation of tissue damage at the operation site, and then the pain will be aggravated as well. 2. Peripheral tissue damage: during the process of bone cement surgery, the nerves and blood vessels in the surgical area may be damaged, resulting in impaired blood circulation and abnormal sensation of the local tissues, which leads to obvious pain symptoms. 3. Compression fracture: due to osteoporosis, it is easy to cause compression fracture of the upper and lower vertebrae in the operation area, which will lead to aggravation of pain. When pain worsens after bone cement surgery, it should be a cause for concern. If it is difficult to be relieved, go to the hospital as soon as possible to find out the cause of the disease and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.