Congenital microphthalmos is a developmental disorder of the eyeball caused by genetic factors, etc. Patients may experience invisibility, decreased visual acuity or visual field defects, while some patients have partial vision and can see. Congenital microphthalmos is a pathological condition that occurs after the formation of the primitive optic vesicle, when its development is hindered by various reasons such as genetic mutation and viral infection, etc. Patients may not be able to see, have decreased visual acuity, visual field defects and small blepharoplasties, etc., and may or may not be accompanied by mental retardation, cleft lip and palate, and other parts of the body with deformities and dysfunction. There are also some patients with congenital microphthalmos who have smaller eyeballs compared to normal eyeballs, but the loss of vision is not obvious, so not all patients with congenital microphthalmos are invisible. It is recommended that patients with congenital microphthalmia seek prompt medical attention to evaluate their condition and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.