Current advances in azoospermia research are mainly in the treatment and screening of obstructive azoospermia and in assisted reproductive technologies.
1. Treatment of obstructive azoospermia: in most cases, it can be cured by microsurgery, and recently a new VE procedure has appeared, i.e., epididymal duct stack suture.
2. Screening for obstructive azoospermia: The ejaculatory duct is obstructed due to trauma, infection, congenital atresia or stenosis, cysts, and other factors. Usually, vasovasography is used, and newer imaging methods include transrectal or perineal vesicography.
3. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): In cases where the vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts are unable to recanalize, the patient can be treated through assisted reproduction. Non-obstructive azoospermia is mainly injected with round sperm cells and long sperm cells, but at present, the injection of round sperm cells into eggs and the injection of long sperm cells are still in the experimental stage.
It is recommended that patients with azoospermia go to regular hospitals in time for treatment under the guidance of specialized doctors.