Cirrhosis is a common chronic progressive liver disease with diffuse liver damage formed by the long-term or repeated action of one or more etiologies. In China, most of them are post-hepatitis cirrhosis, and a few of them are alcoholic cirrhosis and schistosomiasis cirrhosis.
The main pathogenesis of cirrhosis is progressive fibrosis. The collagen of normal liver tissue interstitium (type I and III) is mainly distributed in the portal area and around the central vein. In cirrhosis type I and type III collagen is significantly increased and deposited in all parts of the lobules. With the continuous deposition of collagen in the sinusoidal gap, the endothelial cell window pores are significantly reduced, causing the hepatic sinusoids to gradually evolve into capillaries, resulting in impaired exchange of substances between blood and liver cells. A large amount of collagen in cirrhosis comes from lipid storage cells (Ito cells) located in the sinusoidal gap (Disse lumen), which are actively proliferating and can transform into fibroblast-like cells. Initially, when the proliferating fibrous tissue forms small cords but is not yet interconnected to form septa and remodel the lobular structure, it is called hepatic fibrosis. If it continues to progress, the fibroblastic intervals in the central zone of the lobules and the portal area will be interconnected and the structure of the lobules and blood circulation will be altered to form cirrhosis.
Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the habits of life in general, and the following are some of the causes of diet.
(i) Dietary principles.
1, high-calorie diet, the total daily calories should generally not be less than 8400 kJ (2000 kcal).
2, high protein diet is not only beneficial to the repair of liver cells, but also more suitable for patients with hypoproteinemia and ascites. The daily supply of protein can be 1,5 grams per kilogram of body weight, especially there should be sufficient amounts of high-quality protein. However, patients with advanced hepatic sclerosis with hepatic coma should reduce protein intake.
3.Low fat, less gas production and fiber substitute diet should be adopted.
4.Pay attention to the supplementation of foods rich in vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C and B-group vitamins.
5.For those who have ascites, salt intake should be restricted.
6, choline, methionine and other superfatty substances, rich in millet, white flour, milk, oats and other foods, should pay attention to supplementation.
7, a small number of meals, can be added to the three meals in addition to 2 meals snacks.
8, the diet should be fine and soft, easy to digest, less stimulating.
(B) food selection points.
1, milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, soy products and other high-quality protein food, in the daily diet should be rotated supply.
2, appropriate use of glucose, sucrose, honey, fruit juice and other easily digestible single and double sugars to increase liver glycogen reserves.
3.Yeast is rich in B vitamins and should be supplied with attention.
4, avoid alcohol and all spicy and irritating food.
5.Avoid fried and dry hard foods.
6, eat less or do not eat foods containing more fiber and foods that produce more gas, such as celery, leeks, soybean sprouts, sweet potatoes, dry beans, soda, radish, etc.
7, red beans with heat detoxification, spleen and stomach, diuretic, swelling, gas and other functions, can treat urinary discomfort, spleen deficiency edema, foot and other diseases.