Herpes zoster neuralgia is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus latent in the ganglia when the body’s resistance is reduced (e.g., elderly, tumor patients, immunocompromised patients), causing severe irritation of the skin in the area of the facial trigeminal nerve distribution or other parts of the body along the nerve distribution, followed by increased pain and the appearance of a herpes. With treatment and prolongation of the disease, the blisters crust over and heal (with scar pigmentation in some patients), and the pain is relieved or disappears in most patients. However, a small number of patients (middle-aged and elderly people, mainly those over 60 years old) cannot relieve or completely disappear, manifesting as unbearable burning, cone, stabbing or electric shock-like pain, and most have sensory and nociceptive hypersensitivity, that is, severe pain when wearing clothes, blowing in the wind or touching with hands. If the pain persists for more than 2 (or 3) months, it is called postherpetic neuralgia. Herpes zoster neuralgia or post-herpetic neuralgia is a severe and very persistent form of neuralgia. Prevention begins with avoiding infection, including vaccination against chickenpox and strengthening the body’s resistance. Before treatment, a clear diagnosis should be made and timely treatment is emphasized. Effective treatment within 2 months is effective, including antiviral drugs, analgesics, application of nerve blocks, epidural or intravenous continuous analgesia in severe cases, and most of them can make the pain disappear or be significantly relieved, without affecting working life. However, there are a few cases that do not work well or are not effectively treated and turn into postherpetic neuralgia, which often seriously affects the patient’s life and work, and in severe cases, the pain is unbearable and the patient loses confidence in life, often for life. In this case, medications are often difficult to work and require comprehensive treatment, including the combination of several drugs, minimally invasive interventions such as radiofrequency ablation of nerves, and even the implementation of spinal nerve electrical stimulation to provide relief.