The cause of primary gout is currently unknown and may be related to genetics and metabolism, etc. Secondary gout is associated with elevated blood uric acid levels due to various disease factors. The treatment of gout is mainly through non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments. 1. Etiology (1) Primary gout: the cause of gout is not clear, but may be related to genetic inheritance, because it has the phenomenon of family aggregation. In addition, it is also related to high purine diet, excessive alcohol intake, high sugar diet, enhanced nucleic acid metabolism, etc. It is often associated with metabolic syndrome. (2) Secondary gout: It is mainly related to the combination of various diseases that can cause elevation of blood uric acid, including hematologic diseases (such as acute leukemia, erythrocytosis, etc.), renal diseases (such as renal insufficiency, renal tubular disease, etc.), the use of certain drugs (such as hydrochlorothiazide, aspirin, etc.), and the excessive production of organic acids (such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, etc.). 2. Treatment (1) Non-pharmacological treatment: mainly improve the lifestyle, including low purine diet, ban on alcohol, increase water intake, avoid trauma, exertion, cold, etc., strengthen the exercise, moderate weight loss. (2) Pharmacological treatment: anti-inflammatory and analgesic is the mainstay in the acute stage, including colchicine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs such as aspirin to control pain. In the intermittent and chronic phase of gout, we should use uric acid-lowering drugs as prescribed by doctors, such as allopurinol, febuxostat, benzbromarone, etc. Meanwhile, we should actively control the comorbidities and complications, such as controlling the blood pressure and blood sugar, and improving the renal function, etc. We suggest patients with gout to take medication in time. It is recommended that gout patients go to the hospital in time, follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment, do not self-medication.