Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is usually not self-healing. The clinical diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is confirmed by sputum examination and then by drug sensitivity testing. Most patients with multidrug-resistant TB are elderly, have severe lung disease, and are in poor health or have other comorbidities such as diabetes and immune system disorders. Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may only have a 50% cure rate with regular antituberculosis treatment. Patients who do not receive antituberculosis treatment will not heal on their own, and their lung lesions will gradually worsen over time, eventually leading to death due to dyspnea, hemoptysis, and respiratory failure. Clinically, it is recommended that patients diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis should start regular anti-tuberculosis therapy in a timely manner to control symptoms and reduce lung damage at an early stage. Even though nearly 50% of patients cannot be cured, standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment can reduce infectivity, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life for patients.