The median survival of patients after lung transplantation is 5.7 years. According to the relevant data, the survival rates of 1, 3, and 5 years after lung transplantation are 71%, 57%, and 46%, and the median survival period of patients after lung transplantation is 5.7 years, and the median survival period of patients who have survived for a full year is 7.9 years. The following postoperative complications require attention. Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in 15-20% of lung transplant patients after surgery, and the proportion of deaths resulting from this is as high as 40-60%. Selection of appropriate donor lungs and improved lung preservation can reduce the incidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acute rejection is the most common complication after lung transplantation, with most occurring at least once a year. Chronic rejection is mainly characterized by chronic graft lung insufficiency, the pathogenesis of which is unclear and there is no effective means of prevention; effective treatment is re-lung transplantation. Infection is a common complication and cause of death after lung transplantation. Chronic graft loss of function and fine bronchial obstruction syndrome are also causes of death in patients after lung transplantation. It is recommended to follow up on time after lung transplantation as prescribed by the doctor, to treat any complications, and to stay optimistic to prolong survival.