The main types of thyroid surgery are open surgery, lumpectomy, ablation, etc. The surgical steps are different for different types of surgery. For example, open surgery is performed by directly incising the skin and subcutaneous tissue, ligating the arteries and veins of the thyroid gland, and removing the lobes, isthmus or all of the thyroid gland as needed. 1. Open surgery: the skin and subcutaneous tissues are incised transversely at two transverse fingers above the sternum, the cervical vastus muscle is separated longitudinally, the intrinsic peritoneum is opened, the arteries and veins of the thyroid gland are ligated, and the lobes, isthmus, or all of the thyroid gland are resected according to the needs of the surgery, and care is taken to protect the parathyroid glands, the recurrent nerves of the larynx, and the trachea and other tissues in the course of the resection. After resection, hemostasis is performed and the skin is sutured. 2. Lumpectomy: Lumpectomy is performed by cutting the skin from the armpit, subclavian, submandibular, and other hidden places, and the incision is smaller, easily covered by clothing, and more beautiful. After entering through a small incision, the skin flap in the chest or other areas is separated, and the incision is inflated to obtain a view of the operation, and instruments are inserted into the thyroid gland to perform the operation. The operation on the thyroid gland is similar to open surgery. 3. Ablation: generally used to treat benign thyroid nodules. Ablation is performed by inserting an ablation needle into the nodule under ultrasound guidance and using heat from microwaves, alternating current, or chemical reagents such as anhydrous ethanol to cause necrosis of the localized cells to achieve the goal of tumor reduction. There are various types of thyroid surgery, and patients are advised to consult with a specialist to choose the appropriate procedure based on their condition and personal aesthetic needs.