Malignant glioma is the most common intracranial tumor in adults, accounting for approximately 40% of all primary intracranial tumors. Under the current medical conditions in Europe and the United States, even with optimal treatment, the median survival of patients with glioblastoma (about 75% of all malignant gliomas) is only 12-15 months, and the median survival of patients with mesenchymal glioma (about 25% of all malignant gliomas) is 2-5 years, making it the disease with the greatest and most immediate impact on life and neurological function in the field of neurosurgery. The survival period for recurrent malignant glioma is even more measured in weeks, with most foreign studies suggesting around 6 months. After nearly 20 years of clinical research, adenovirus (ADV)-mediated thymidine kinase (TK) therapy has been increasingly refined. After ADV transfection of tumor cells, thymidine kinase produced by TK gene expression converts non-toxic propoxyphene into propoxyphene guanosine triphosphate, blocking DNA synthesis in tumor cells, while normal cells that are not transfected are unaffected, belonging to a gene therapy.