Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma requires a combination of treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Surgery is generally the first choice and is usually performed by extensive local excision, removing the tumor and some of its surrounding tissue, including lymph nodes. The less tumor remains after surgery, the better the prognosis and the less chance of recurrence, which usually occurs within 3 years of treatment. In a clinical study by the American Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group, the 5-year survival rate for surgical patients with complete tumor resection could exceed 90%. The 5-year survival rate for patients with complete removal of tumor visible to the naked eye at surgery, but with microscopic residuals, is approximately 80%. The 5-year survival rate for patients with residual tumor visible to the naked eye after surgery, but without metastasis, is about 70%. For rhabdomyosarcoma in special anatomical sites, such as head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma, complete surgical resection is less likely, or surgery brings about severe organ function damage, radiotherapy is usually given first to reduce the capacity, and then secondary surgery is performed. However, the risk of residual secondary surgery is still high, so there is a certain risk of recurrence after surgery for malignant rhabdomyosarcoma, not that there is no recurrence after surgical removal.