Bacterial infections and viral infections can be separated from clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators and treatment effects. 1. Clinical manifestations: most of the patients with viral infections show clinical manifestations such as limb pain and fatigue, and rarely have purulent secretions, while patients with bacterial infections often have fever and chills, purulent secretions, which are more common, such as coughing up purulent sputum, running nose and so on. 2. Laboratory indicators: Viral infection blood routine, white blood cell neutrophil count is basically within the normal range, with lymphocyte elevation. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, are the opposite, and the white blood cell neutrophil counts tend to be significantly higher. 3. Therapeutic effect: Usually, antibiotics are ineffective in viral infections, and antiviral drugs need to be applied, whereas in bacterial infections, the symptoms will improve after using sensitive antibiotics. The gold standard for identifying bacterial infections from viral infections is blood culture, which can find the relevant pathogenic bacteria.