Increased fontanelle tension is clinically manifested by headache, vomiting, visual impairment and optic papilledema, also known as increased intracranial pressure syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment of increased fontanelle tension: There are acute subacute and chronic intracranial pressure increase. Generally, slow-onset diseases have symptoms such as headache, vomiting, and optic papilledema, so it is not difficult to make a preliminary diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure. Acute and subacute brain diseases, however, have a short course, develop rapidly, and are associated with varying degrees of impaired consciousness and no obvious optic papilledema, so it is often difficult to confirm the diagnosis of intracranial pressure increase and requires examination to determine. General treatment: Patients with elevated intracranial pressure should be kept in hospital for observation and close attention should be paid to changes in consciousness, pupils, blood pressure, respiration, pulse and body temperature in order to grasp the trend of the development of the disease. If possible, intracranial pressure monitoring can be used to guide treatment according to the pressure information obtained during monitoring. Patients with frequent vomiting should be temporarily fasted to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Patients who cannot eat should be rehydrated, and the amount of rehydration should be in order to maintain the balance of the incoming and outgoing fluids; too much rehydration may contribute to the deterioration of the increased intracranial pressure. Pay attention to replenishing electrolytes and adjusting acid-base balance. Use light laxatives to loosen the stool, do not let the patient force to defecate, and do not make high enema to avoid sudden increase of intracranial pressure. Consider tracheotomy for unconscious patients and those who have difficulty coughing up sputum to keep the airway open and prevent the intracranial pressure from increasing due to poor breathing. Oxygen inhalation can help to lower the intracranial pressure. In stable cases, the cause of the disease should be identified as soon as possible to clarify the diagnosis, and treatment to remove the cause of the disease should be administered as soon as possible. Reduction of intracranial pressure: For cases where the cause of increased intracranial pressure has not yet been identified or where the cause has been identified but cannot be resolved at the moment, hypertonic diuretics or other non-mercury diuretics can be used. For cases with clear consciousness and mild intracranial pressure increase, oral drugs can be used first; for cases with impaired consciousness or severe symptoms of intracranial pressure increase, intravenous or intramuscular injection drugs are appropriate. Commonly used drugs for oral administration are: ① hydrochlorothiazide 25-50mg, 3 times a day; ② acetazolamide 250mg, 3 times a day; ③ aminopterin 50mg, 3 times a day; ④ furosemide 20-40mg, 3 times a day; ⑤ 50% glycerol saline solution 60ml, 2 to 4 times a day. Commonly used preparations for intravenous injection include: ①250ml of 20% mannitol, rapid drip, 2-4 times daily; ②20-40mg of furosemide, intramuscular or intravenous injection, 1 to 2 times daily. In addition, the application of hormones and human serum albumin is also effective in reducing cerebral edema and intracranial pressure. Etiological treatment: timely removal of intracranial hematoma, resection of brain tumor, drainage of hydrocephalus or abscess, keeping the airway unobstructed and adequate oxygen infusion, etc. In case of acute brain herniation caused by increased intracranial pressure, emergency resuscitation or surgical treatment should be carried out every second. Symptomatic treatment 1, pain can be given analgesics, but morphine preparations are prohibited, so as not to inhibit breathing and contribute to the death of the patient. 2, convulsions should be given anti-epileptic drugs. 3. Sedatives should be given for irritability.