The main role of dexamphetamine is to reduce the incidence and severity of cardiotoxicity caused by anthracycline antineoplastic drugs. Anthracycline antineoplastic drugs, including adriamycin, erythromycin, mitoxantrone, desoxorubicin, etc., are widely used in the treatment of hematologic tumors, breast cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, and many other malignancies. The biggest side effect of these drugs is that they can damage the heart muscle after reaching a certain cumulative dose, causing serious side effects such as heart failure and arrhythmia, and even leading to the death of patients. In contrast, dexrazoxane protects the heart by inhibiting the toxic effects of oxygen radicals produced by anthracycline antibiotics on the myocardium. In clinical practice, about 30 minutes before the use of anthracycline antibiotics, intravenous drip dexamethasone is used in a dose ratio of 10-20:1 with anthracycline antineoplastics.