The optimization of the diagnostic process is summarized as follows: 1. Preoperative biopsy is superior to intraoperative freezing It was pointed out in Eur J Surgical Oncology 1995 that frozen histological diagnosis is necessary only in a few cases and should not exceed 10% for palpable lesions. 2. Choice of preoperative biopsy modalities Preoperative biopsy modalities include: needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), hollow-core needle biopsy, wire-positioned incisional biopsy and incisional biopsy. The routine ejection needle biopsy has become the standard minimally invasive biopsy for clinically accessible breast lesions and has replaced FNAC. The shortcomings of the needle biopsy include: multiple needle insertion/exit increases patient pain and complications; the conventional needle biopsy instruments currently available in China are unable to mark the biopsy site, which affects the positioning of the subsequent breast-conserving surgery. At present, the use of minimally invasive breast biopsy in Europe and Japan has exceeded 90%, and the 3rd International Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer Detected by Imaging 2009 is the gold standard for the diagnosis of breast abnormalities detected by imaging; vacuum-assisted puncture biopsy has the following advantages compared with conventional hollow-core needle biopsy: (1) adequate and continuous tissue specimens can be obtained, which reduces the underestimation rate of breast lesion diagnosis underestimation rate; (2) a single needle approach reduces the possibility of needle tract implantation and epithelial displacement; (3) marker clips can be placed at the biopsy site; and (4) smaller benign tumors can be completely excised. Minimally invasive biopsy is indicated for all palpable and nonpalpable grade 4 and 5 lesions and grade 3 lesions with anxiety requiring minimally invasive biopsy. Minimally invasive biopsy guidance techniques include ultrasound, mammography, and MRI, and a 2010 Ann Intern Med meta-analysis showed that mammography stereotactic guidance and ultrasound-guided hollow-core needle biopsy were nearly as accurate as incisional biopsy, but with fewer complications (<1%). Preoperative image-guided minimally invasive biopsy is recommended, and image-guided surgical biopsy with wire positioning is not feasible. If minimally invasive biopsy shows "high-risk" lesions, incisional biopsy is required. 3.Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a technique for accurate staging of the axilla with the following advantages: (1) it can determine the status of axillary lymph nodes; (2) it replaces conventional axillary lymph node dissection and its complications are significantly reduced; (3) in patients with negative SLN, the axillary recurrence rate is low.