1.Only a few types of congenital heart disease in general can recover naturally, while some will gradually increase in complications and get worse as they get older. The choice of treatment has chosen the right time to operate, mainly depends on the scope and degree of congenital heart malformation. Simple and mild anomalies such as atrial septal defect and simple pulmonary valve stenosis, if the diameter of the defect is small, have no significant hemodynamic impact and can be treated without any treatment for life. Severe congenital heart disease such as complete transposition of the great arteries or hypoplastic left heart syndrome must be operated immediately after birth, otherwise the child will not survive. 2.Conservatively observed cases of congenital heart disease. (1), secondary hole atrial defect with small diameter and no tendency of pulmonary hypertension can be observed until 3 to 5 years old before surgery; (2), membrane ventricular septal defect with diameter less than 4 mm has light impact on cardiac function and has the possibility of automatic closure, so it can also be observed until 3 to 5 years old, and surgery should be considered if the ventricular defect still fails to close. Since small ventricular defects have the potential to induce bacterial endocarditis, and the safety of surgical procedures is currently very high, a longer wait is not advocated; (3) aortic valve with a transvalvular pressure difference of less than 40 mmHg and pulmonary valve stenosis of less than 60 mmHg. The prerequisite for conservative treatment in these cases is that the heart must be examined by ultrasound more than twice in a hospital with a high level of precordial surgery treatment, in addition to regular follow-up observations and necessary examinations during the observation period to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. 3, choose the appropriate timing of surgery is the key to successful surgery and achieve a good prognosis of precordial disease. At present, there are several main factors to determine the timing of surgery: (1), the pathological characteristics of the precordial disease itself and the degree of impact on hemodynamics? Generally speaking, the more complex the malformation, the greater the hemodynamic impact, the more early surgery should be treated. (2) What is the progression of secondary pathological changes? In left-to-right shunt type of precordial disease, surgical correction should be sought before the occurrence of obstructive pulmonary vascular changes. Cyanotic, obstructive congenital heart disease should strive for surgery before the occurrence of severe myocardial hypertrophy and fibrous degeneration. 4, congenital heart disease treatment methods: there are a variety of surgical treatment, interventional treatment and drug therapy. The choice of treatment and the most appropriate time for surgery should be based on the condition, and the cardiologist should make recommendations according to the specific circumstances of the child. The non-shunt or left-to-right shunt category has a good outcome and a good prognosis after timely surgery. For those with right-to-left shunt or compound malformation, the surgery is complicated and difficult in more severe cases, and some patients cannot be completely corrected due to imperfect development of certain cardiac structures, so only palliative surgery can be performed to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life. Interventional treatment is broadly divided into two categories: one is the use of balloon dilation to release the stenosis of blood vessels and valves, such as aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, aortic constriction, etc.; the other is the use of a variety of special blockers made of memory metal to close the undesirable defects, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, arterial catheter closure, etc. Due to the progress of medical technology and the continuous research and improvement of materials and processes, interventional treatment is now further developed in domestic and international clinical applications, which not only can avoid the risk and trauma of open-heart surgery, but also has short hospitalization time and fast recovery, and is a very effective treatment method. Interventional therapy has partially replaced but not completely replaced surgical open-heart surgery, and the technique has strict indications. The surgical method of precordial disease is mainly based on the type of heart malformation and the degree of pathophysiological changes and other comprehensive factors to determine, surgical methods can be divided into: radical surgery, palliative surgery, heart transplantation three categories. (1) Radical surgery: It can make the patient’s heart anatomy return to the structure of a normal person. (2), palliative surgery: can only play a role in improving the symptoms but not play a radical effect, mainly used for complex precordial diseases that do not yet have a cure, such as modified Glenn, Fontan surgery, or as a preparatory surgery to promote the growth and development of the original undeveloped structures, to create conditions for radical surgery, such as body-lung bypass, etc. (3) Heart transplantation: mainly used for end-stage heart disease and complex precordial diseases that cannot be treated with current surgical methods.