There are four main types of thyroid cancer: papillary, follicular, medullary, and undifferentiated carcinomas. The prognosis is closely related to the type of pathology. Papillary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid have a relatively good prognosis, with few distant metastases and a 5-year survival rate of more than 90%, but very few patients will develop distant, when the disease is more advanced, and about 50% of patients will die within 5 years. Medullary carcinoma is relatively fast growing, moderately malignant, prone to hematogenous metastasis and has a poor prognosis; undifferentiated carcinoma has a very poor prognosis, with an average survival time of 3-6 months. Once distant metastasis occurs, it is rarely curable. For papillary and follicular carcinoma, surgical resection can be considered if the primary foci can be removed, followed by further iodine treatment, while for medullary and undifferentiated carcinoma, life support is the main focus. In advanced stage, thyroid cancer may produce hoarseness, dyspnea or dysphagia, as well as sympathetic nerve compression causing Horner syndrome, and pain behind the ear and occipital shoulder if it invades the cervical plexus. The main clinical focus is to relieve the patient’s pain, and biological immunotherapy can also be chosen to maximize the patient’s survival and improve the quality of life.