Chromosomes are intracellular objects with genetic properties, essentially and nucleic oxygen deglycans, composed of intracellular nucleoproteins, and carriers of genetic material genes. Both men and women with familial genetic disorders or infertility due to chromosomal abnormalities can be reflected by having a chromosome test. At present, the preconception chromosome test includes mainly sex chromosome test and autosome test. Chromosomes are the most basic material in the human body and can be missing, duplicated or even damaged if they are affected by adverse factors. If these phenomena occur, they can affect the production of gametes and cause infertility. Even if pregnancy occurs, the lack of genetic information can lead to embryonic arrest, miscarriage or malformation, and the few surviving trisomic fetuses are born with abnormal development. Patients with autosomal trisomy often exhibit abnormal development of the brain and limbs, such as trisomy 21-3, in which the patient has three more chromosomes than normal on chromosome 21. Patients with trisomy of sex chromosomes, on the other hand, have fertility problems in adulthood. Therefore, the most routine chromosome tests are autosomal and recessive chromosome tests. Chromosomal examination not only can rule out infertility caused by chromosomal abnormalities, but more importantly, it can detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy and provide manual intervention, which is also an important tool for eugenic reproduction.