Congenital heart disease is a condition in which the heart and large blood vessels develop abnormally in the fetus and the lesions are present at birth. Developmental abnormalities include anatomical abnormalities or failure to close channels that should close automatically after birth (which is normal in the fetus). Based on hemodynamic combined with pathophysiological changes, congenital heart disease can be classified as cyanotic or non-cyanotic, and also divided into three categories based on the presence or absence of shunts: non-shunt (e.g. pulmonary stenosis, aortic constriction), left-to-right shunt (e.g. atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus), and right-to-left shunt (e.g. tetralogy of Fallot, large vessel misalignment). The prevalence of congenital heart disease in China is 0.7%-0.8%. The symptoms of congenital heart disease vary widely, with the mildest cases being asymptomatic for life and the most severe cases showing serious symptoms such as hypoxia, shock or even premature death at birth. A small number of patients with congenital heart disease have a chance of self-healing before the age of 5. In addition, a small number of patients have mild deformities that do not significantly affect circulatory function and do not require any treatment, but most patients require surgical treatment to correct the deformities. However, most patients need surgery to correct the deformity. Most patients can return to normal if they are treated with surgery in time.