When going out to the clinic, we often encounter two situations.
First, more and more patients choose to have regular medical checkups, but after getting the health checkup test report, they are at a loss to judge the results and values in it! So, you come to the doctor with the medical examination report.
Second, you are not feeling well, go to the checkup, so easy to come to the hospital, so easy to register the number, so easy to wait for the doctor, so easy to finish the bill, so easy to pay the fee, so easy to send the specimen, so easy to get the results …… doctor but off duty. The hand holding the examination report, at once, an inexplicable anger “rub” on the head!
Take it easy, don’t be anxious! Today, we will talk to you about how to read the results of a routine urine test? This way, some simple cases can be judged by themselves, and when you encounter complicated cases or places you are not sure about, then go to the appropriate doctor to explain or discuss, okay?
As the most important metabolic product of the human body, urine examination is easy, non-invasive and inexpensive, even though it is a “routine” test, it can provide a lot of information about the body, reflecting not only the problems of the urinary system, but also The urine test is simple, invasive and inexpensive.
The routine urine report form varies from hospital to hospital, but is similar, so here is a brief introduction to the significance of each item, using our hospital’s routine urine report form as a template.
First, a report card is divided into four areas.
1, is the patient’s natural information when conducting this examination, including the initial diagnosis. This diagnosis is the doctor’s first draft when the test is issued, and is not the same as your real situation or final diagnosis, which is subject to change. So you don’t have to get hung up on the name of the diagnosis on a lab slip. In addition, it should be noted that the urine specimen should generally be taken in the middle of the urine, that is, a small section of urine first before receiving the urine for testing, in order to exclude the possibility of contamination. In addition, women during menstruation urine test results are not accurate and need to be avoided. As for the time of delivery, if there are no special requirements, any time period of urine can be, but must be a fresh specimen immediately sent for testing to avoid errors.
2, is to check the specific items, including the appearance, chemical analysis and organic component analysis of several parts, according to the method of analysis, and divided into test strip method, instrumentation, quantitative, manual microscopy and other aspects.
3, is the most important, is your test results of this specimen. Specific whether normal, you can compare with the reference value in the area 4.
In general, a (+) or abnormally high value means that there are unusual factors that require further determination of the cause. As for the meaning of each item, we can only give a very brief introduction this time, knowing that there are many possibilities behind any one abnormality, which often requires more precise judgment and further examination by the doctor.
Let’s look at the pictures one by one.
1. Acid-base concentration: It is related to the dietary situation, low for meat lovers and high for vegetarians. The presence of abnormal too acidic or too alkaline means that there is a problem with metabolism, or urinary tract infection, or gout, or drug effects.
2, color: usually should be light yellow, more clear when drinking more water, when drinking less water will be darker, but if there is red, teal, white, etc., please pay great attention to it, many diseases can cause, like tumors, liver disease, heavier urinary tract infections, celiac disease, etc. can cause changes in urine color. Especially for middle-aged and elderly people, if there is hematuria, you must first rule out urinary tumors, even if it is only once, you should not take it lightly.
Transparency: If it is not transparent, there is a problem, usually accompanied by 2 color changes.
4, urine specific gravity: the degree of individual change is large, is a reflection of the kidney concentration function.
5, nitrite: “+” means infection, mostly Escherichia coli related.
6, urine protein: some are physiological proteinuria, but the presence of “+” mostly means kidney or systemic disease caused by abnormalities, you need to do two things: first, do 24-hour protein quantification; second, find a nephrologist.
7, bilirubin: more will make the urine foam, “+” is usually closely related to jaundice, find a gastroenterologist.
8, urine ketone body: specimen is not fresh will appear “+”, hungry for a long time will appear “+”, serious diabetes will also appear “+”, see the endocrinologist.
9, urine bilinogen: most negative, hemolysis or hepatocellular jaundice will be “+”, or find a gastroenterologist.
10, urine glucose: “+” appears first of all to detect diabetes, rush to the endocrinologist. But there are some people with normal blood sugar and abnormal urine glucose, we call it renal diabetes or stress diabetes.
11, and 13 are both for the white blood cell test, but the detection method is different, one is a test paper, and the other is a device. If it is “+” or the value exceeds the reference value, it is a urinary tract infection.
12, and 14 are both tests for red blood cells. The presence of a “+” is what is known as “hematuria”, which has many causes and often leaves urologists scratching their heads. However, the root cause must be carefully sought. As mentioned earlier, the possibility of tumor-induced hematuria must be ruled out, especially in the elderly.
14, epithelial cells: are cells shed from the kidney to the external urethra, specific reasons for specific analysis.
16, urinary tubular type: is formed by urine protein, appearing is not normal. Due to a variety of nephritis, nephrotic syndrome caused by, find a nephrologist!
17, urine bacteria: this need not be said, right? Let the urologist help you get it right.
18, urinary yeast: beware of mold infection! To further do the middle urine bacteria fungal culture.
19, urine crystals: severe gout, jaundice, oxalic acid stones can be seen in patients with specific causes.
This looks like a small routine urine test sheet really deep water! For the majority of patients, you must remember the following: choose the appropriate specimen to send, pay attention to the abnormal test results, and find the right specialist.