Chemical burns are more complex than simple thermal burns, because the characteristics of the chemicals themselves cause different damage to the tissue, so there are its own characteristics in the first aid treatment. Now several common chemical burns are divided as follows: a. Strong acids Strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia (hydrochloric acid and nitric acid). Carbonic acid, etc., injury to the skin, due to its concentration, liquid volume, area and other factors and cause different degrees of injury. When the acid comes into contact with the skin, it immediately causes coagulation of tissue proteins to dehydrate the tissue and form a thick scab. The formation of thick scabs prevents the acid from continuing to penetrate deeper tissues and reduces damage. It is extremely beneficial to the health of the injured person. Hydrochloric acid, lithic acid burns, the trauma is white or gray-yellow; sulfuric acid trauma is brown; carbonic acid trauma is yellow. If the burn is soaked through the clothing, should be immediately removed, and quickly repeatedly rinse the wounded surface with a large amount of water. After full rinsing can also be used to neutralize the agent – weak alkaline liquid such as baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), soapy water rinse. Carbonic acid burns are neutralized with alcohol. Nitric acid burns are better neutralized with a trivial solution. But if there is no neutralizing agent does not have to be forced, because sufficient water rinse is the most fundamental measure. Second, strong bases strong bases such as caustic soda (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide), lime, etc.. Strong alkali destructive force on the tissue than strong acid for heavy, because of its strong permeability, deep into the tissue so that cell dehydration, dissolve tissue protein, the formation of strong alkali protein compounds and deepen the wound surface. If the alkaline solution soaked through the clothes caused by the burns, should immediately remove the contaminated clothes, and thoroughly rinse the injury with a lot of water. After sufficient cleaning, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute acetic acid (or vinegar) neutralizer is available. Then neutralize with bicarbonate of soda solution or alkaline soap and water. Depending on the situation, ask the doctor to use other measures to deal with. Third, phosphorus phosphorus burns, often seen in industrial and agricultural production, in wartime phosphorus bomb explosions also often cause burns. Phosphorus and phosphorus compounds in the air is very easy to burn, oxidation into phosphorus pentoxide. The wounded surface in the daytime can smoke. At night there can be phosphorescence. This is the phosphorus in the skin continue to burn the reason. Therefore, the wound is more deep, and phosphorus is a very toxic substance, absorbed by the body, can cause systemic poisoning. Phosphorus is very toxic to the liver, causing necrosis of liver cells, hepatic steatosis; damage to blood vessels, can cause extensive bleeding: the kidneys, heart muscle and nerves are toxic. The general condition of patients with phosphorus poisoning is debilitating, with dizziness and headache, general weakness, pain in the liver area, enlargement, jaundice, and abnormal liver function. Urine is scanty, urinalysis appears red fine brain, protein, and hematuria can also be seen, and in severe cases urine is closed. Subcutaneous capillary bleeding, purpura (small red bleeding spots that do not fade when pressed) may be seen. If the liver is severely damaged, toxic hepatitis can occur, and acute yellow liver atrophy and death. The principle of first aid treatment is to put out the fire to remove phosphorus, and then bandage with the relevant liquid. If the phosphorus is still burning on the skin, you should quickly extinguish the fire and rinse with plenty of water. After rinsing, and then carefully examine the local residual phosphorus, can also be observed in the dark, such as luminescence, with small tweezers clip removed, and then covered with copper sulfate gauze soaked l% local, to make residual phosphorus generated black diphosphide three copper, and then flushed away. Can also be used 3% hydrogen peroxide or 5% bicarbonate solution rinse, so that phosphorus oxidation for phosphorus anhydride. If no such solution, a large amount of water can be used to rinse the local. General burns more than with oil gauze local bandage, but in the phosphorus injury should be disabled. Because phosphorus is easily soluble in oil, prompting the body to absorb and cause systemic toxicity, and instead use 2, 5% sodium bicarbonate solution ugly dressing for two hours, and then dry gauze bandage. For systemic toxicity, the main treatment is to protect the liver, such as intravenous injection of 50% hypertonic glucose solution, or intravenous drip of 5-10% glucose solution, adding a large amount of vitamin C. Take other liver-protective drugs such as hepatocyte. For kidney injury with proteinuria and hematuria, apply alkaline drugs such as sodium bicarbonate injection and bed rest. For bleeding, apply vitamin K. For the appearance of shock or other serious conditions, administer symptomatic treatment.