On November 19, 2004, several U.S. media reported that Secretary of State designate Condoleezza Rice had successfully undergone interventional embolization of uterine fibroids at Georgetown University Hospital and was discharged the next day after a one-night hospital stay for observation. The operation was quite successful and there were no complications. Ms. Zhang, 40 years old, divorced for several years and living alone with her 10-year-old daughter, met an American boyfriend two years ago and got married. At that time, a gynecological examination revealed that she had uterine fibroids, which was a bolt from the blue for her, who still had the desire to have children. In order to cure the disease without losing her fertility, she visited many doctors and learned about various treatments for fibroids, and finally she chose to undergo interventional embolization in our interventional department. The result was satisfactory and six months after the operation, Ms. Zhang became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy baby boy. What exactly is interventional therapy? Why did US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice choose this treatment? What exactly are the benefits of uterine fibroid embolization? In fact, embolization of uterine fibroids began as early as 1995, originating in France, and then became widely available worldwide due to its precise efficacy and fewer side effects, and has now become the treatment of choice for fibroids in North American countries (United States and Canada). In China, interventional embolization of uterine fibroids began in 1998 and has now also become one of the effective and safe treatments for uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids are common in women over 40 years of age, with a prevalence of about 20%, i.e., about one in four women has fibroids, a fairly high incidence. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that grow in one or more grains in the uterus and grow larger through the rich blood vessels of the uterus that provide nutrition. The distinctive symptoms are an enlarged uterus (patients often feel a bulging lower abdomen, and many think they are fat!) In some cases, the tumor may cause anemia due to heavy menstrual flow and, in rare cases, malignant transformation. The traditional treatments for fibroids are mainly Chinese and Western medicine, laparoscopic resection and open hysterectomy. Interventional therapy is an emerging and advanced minimally invasive treatment method in the world today, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of uterine fibroids. At present, since interventional treatment can make fibroids shrink and disappear, eliminate uncomfortable symptoms and preserve the uterus, and has a low recurrence rate, few side effects, small wounds and fast recovery after surgery, interventional treatment has become one of the effective methods for treating fibroids and has brought good news to many fibroid patients. What exactly is the interventional method for fibroids? What are the advantages of interventional treatment compared to other treatment methods? Interventional treatment actually uses a very thin catheter to deliver an embolic agent to the uterine vessels through the arterial blood vessels in the inner thigh, blocking the blood vessels that supply nutrients to the fibroids, so that the fibroids lose nutrients for growth and slowly shrink, necrosis and fall off. Interventional treatment, since no medication is required, does not cause side effects such as impaired liver function, osteoporosis and masculinization caused by medication. Embolization significantly reduces the recurrence rate because it can treat tiny fibroids that are difficult to detect by ultrasound as well. Embolization not only preserves the uterus, but also maintains the function of the uterus. After embolization, the patient’s menstruation returns to normal and does not affect the quality of sexual life or fertility, which is especially suitable for patients with fibroids who are desperate to get pregnant, and the wound is small and does not require stitches. However, not all patients with fibroids can undergo interventional treatment. In addition, the cost of the procedure is slightly higher than that of surgical excision, so patients should choose the treatment according to the doctor’s opinion and their actual situation. In particular, in gynecology, interventional therapy can effectively treat myometriosis in addition to fibroids. Uterine adenosis is also a common disease among women, with symptoms such as heavy menstrual flow and painful periods, which can be so painful that the patient cannot work, live or study normally and requires bed rest and painkillers to relieve the pain. In the past, there was no good treatment for the disease, usually taking painkillers and Chinese and Western medicines to suppress ovarian function, which were ineffective and eventually forced the removal of the uterus. Interventional treatment is also done by embolizing the blood vessels of the lesion to make the lesion ischemic and necrotic, which does not affect the normal function of the uterus and restores normal menstrual flow. Some patients with adenomyosis also recover their fertility. In our hospital, the author has had successful cases of patients who have successfully conceived and given birth to babies after treatment. In general, interventional embolization is suitable for most uterine fibroids (whether single or multiple), and it is equally effective for patients with adenomyosis and dysmenorrhea. With further understanding of interventional embolization, it is believed that interventional embolization will become a new, effective and safe minimally invasive treatment option for patients with uterine fibroids and adenomyosis.