Indications for NUSS surgery for funnel chest

  The main treatment for funnel chest is surgery, and currently the main surgical procedure is NUSS surgery, which has the characteristics of less trauma, less pain, better results and faster recovery.       What are the indications for surgery in patients with funnel chest?  1. Young patients are older than 3 years old (pseudo-funnel chest may exist within 3 years old), and the best age is 6 to 12 years old. Adults with funnel chest are basically not restricted by age and are in good physical condition. Our center has done the highest age of patients up to 57 years old in China.  2.CT examination Haller index should generally be greater than 3.2 for moderate or severe to funnel chest deformity. Some patients whose index does not reach the standard, but the depressed deformity is obvious should also be operated.  3, pulmonary function tests suggest restrictive or obstructive ventilation dysfunction, susceptibility to respiratory infections, decreased activity endurance, chest tightness and shortness of breath when running or climbing stairs.  4.The heart is displaced by pressure, electrocardiogram shows incomplete right bundle branch conduction block, and cardiac ultrasonography shows mitral valve prolapse.  5.Patients with high psychological stress, personality change, and strong desire for surgery.  6.Patients with recurrence of funnel chest.