Neuropathic pain seriously affects patients’ quality of life due to its high prevalence. The STOPNET study showed that the prevalence of neuropathic pain in the general population was 6.9%, accounting for 21.7% of chronic pain; and the summary of patients with moderate to severe pain was 74.1% of neuropathic pain. The two most common types of neuropathic pain are diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and postherpetic neuralgia, which account for 23% and 14%, respectively. DPN is one of the most common, complex, and serious complications in diabetic patients, with the prevalence of painful DPN, which seriously affects the quality of life of diabetic patients, being about 40% to 50% and increasing with the duration of diabetes. A 10-year follow-up controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes showed that the prevalence of painful DPN increased from 7% at baseline to 20% at 10 years. More than 60% of patients with neuropathic pain have difficulty sleeping due to regular pain, and there is a positive correlation between pain intensity and the degree of sleep disturbance. Prolonged sleep disturbances lead to exhaustion in daily life in 60% of patients, sleepiness and fatigue followed by trance in 40% of patients, and in severe cases, mental disorders such as disappointment and irritability in nearly 30% of patients.