More than two years ago, I saw a young female patient in the clinic who said she often had a cold, coughing, running nose, sneezing, and could get better with some cold medicine at a nearby clinic, but after a while she had another attack, sometimes coughing for a long time, and repeatedly, making it very painful. After detailed questioning about the onset of her illness, she learned that since 3 years ago, she often had an onset in spring or winter, and was prone to attacks like those in spring and cold air, with frequent sneezing, runny nose, and episodic coughing, but she was in good health when she did not have an onset in general. Based on the information provided by the patient, we considered that her illness was not a “cold” as she said, but something else, and combined with her clinical manifestations and confirmed by pulmonary function and bronchial excitation tests that her disease was cough variant asthma with allergic rhinitis. Afterwards, with standardized treatment and regular follow-up, the patient’s aforementioned symptoms rarely recurred. In fact, the problem faced by this patient is also a problem that doctors have to properly face and deal with, which is how to correctly recognize allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, how to accurately make a diagnosis, and how to give reasonable treatment and prevention. What is allergic rhinitis and asthma Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, is a metamorphic reaction in the nasal mucosa and a common manifestation of respiratory tract metamorphosis, characterized by episodes of nasal itching, sneezing, nasal congestion and runny nose. The incidence of this disease has increased significantly in the last 20 years, especially in developed countries. The age of onset is mainly in young adults, but now it is also common in children. Although there is no significant difference in incidence by gender, female hormones can exacerbate the allergic reaction. In contrast, bronchial asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, often occurring at night and/or early in the morning and intensifying, with most patients relieving themselves or with treatment. The risk factors for the development of asthma include both host factors (genetic) and environmental factors. Cough variant asthma, mentioned earlier, is a specific type of bronchial asthma with cough as the only or main symptom and is treated with the same principles as common bronchial asthma. Allergic rhinitis is closely related to bronchial asthma Allergic rhinitis is closely related to bronchial asthma. Most of the precursors of wheezing in bronchial asthma have nasal itching, sneezing and runny nose, so the symptoms of allergic rhinitis may be the pre-asthma symptoms. According to domestic and international reports, 30%-50% of children with allergic rhinitis have combined asthma, while 60%-80% of bronchial asthma have combined allergic rhinitis. They are triggered by respiratory tract infections and allergies, and environmental changes and other risk factors also play a significant role. In addition to weather changes, keeping cats and dogs as pets at home, and having carpets indoors, which are significantly related to allergic rhinitis, other factors such as upper respiratory tract viral infections, food allergies, sports, stuffed toys, foam products, cigarettes, fumes, home decoration, etc., are very similar. ; therefore, atopic constitution (personal allergy history with infantile eczema), family allergy history (including first-degree relatives with asthma or other allergies), genetic and environmental factors and viral infections are risk factors for triggering bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. Prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma Many patients and parents of children with allergic rhinitis often think that allergic rhinitis is just sneezing and runny nose, often mistaking it for a “cold”, so few patients seek medical attention specifically for allergic rhinitis. If allergic rhinitis is not treated properly for a long time, a significant proportion of people will develop asthma; on the other hand, if both allergic rhinitis and asthma are present, about 80% of patients feel that asthma will worsen when allergic rhinitis symptoms appear, and the presence of allergic rhinitis also increases the likelihood of asthma attacks, as well as the rate of emergency room visits and hospitalization for asthma. We know that the nose is the starting organ of the respiratory tract, the upper respiratory tract, and the bronchi are the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, both bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis are allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, which manifest as allergic inflammatory immune diseases with congestion and edema of the nasal and bronchial mucosa and increased exudative secretions. Therefore, their prevention and treatment are the same. On the one hand, it is necessary to avoid the stimulation of risk factors such as allergens, to enhance the immune function of the body, and to prevent respiratory viral infections; on the other hand, standardized treatment is the key to good control of the disease and prevention of recurrence and aggravation. At present, the main treatment method is to use inhaled glucocorticoids locally, and if combined with bronchial asthma, inhaled bronchodilators can be used in combination according to the degree of the disease. Of course, when the above-mentioned disease manifestations appear, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital first and adhere to early, long-term, standardized and individualized treatment. Only by managing asthma allergic rhinitis together can we better and more effectively control bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis and avoid the troubles of this disease.