Growth retardation is a slowing down or abnormal sequence in the growth process. The incidence is between 6% and 8%. Under normal internal and external environment, children can develop normally, but all factors that are detrimental to their growth and development can affect their development to varying degrees, resulting in delayed growth and development of children.
1.Low physical development;
2.Low motor development;
3.lack of language development;
4.Lagging intellectual development;
5, psychological development, etc. Growth retardation is often manifested in many ways, including physical development, motor development and intellectual development, but can also be prominent in one aspect. If the height, weight, and head circumference measurements are all low, the child’s development is delayed across the board and a detailed consultation should be made with a pediatrician to confirm if further testing is needed. If only one of the height, weight, or head circumference measurements is low, the child may be partially retarded and can be further examined for neurological or endocrine effects on the child’s physical development.
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1.Signs and symptoms
2.Treatment
3.Pathogenesis
Symptoms and signs
Newborns or infants within 3 months are easily frightened and cry a lot.
The cry is sharp or screaming.
Weak cries with no change in pitch.
Breast aversion and difficulty sleeping.
Early feeding difficulties with salivation.
Easily startled by noise and increased cuddle reflex with crying.
No standing indication or strider at 3 months of age.
Clenched fist, still thumb inward at 4 months, hand not open.
The head still wobbles when holding the waist at 4-5 months.
After 5 months of age, they still do not reach out to grasp objects.
At 4-6 weeks after birth, the baby is still unable to smile, does not recognize people, and is unresponsive.
The muscles are flaccid and cannot turn over, and the movement is slow and stiff.
They do not like to take a bath, they are good at jerking up, and they have asymmetrical limb movements bilaterally.
Premature development, roll over reflexively, not segmental roll over.
Poor crawling awareness, no hand support for crawling, no separation movements.
Sleeping a lot, aimless hyperactivity, short attention span.
Treatment method
Firstly, through medical history, physical and laboratory examination, based on detailed information and laboratory results, comprehensive analysis will be made to determine the causes of childhood dwarfism and finally determine the principles of treatment. The causes are different and the treatment methods are also different.
1.Nutritional deficiency: reasonable nutrition, comprehensive and balanced diet, cultivating good eating habits, promoting appetite, etc. 2.Shortness caused by systemic diseases: primary diseases should be actively treated.
3.Familial dwarfism and somatic growth retardation: give full play to growth potential through various conditioning, and growth hormone can be used as appropriate.
4, caused by mental factors: improve the living environment, so that the child can receive spiritual comfort and life care
5, congenital genetic, metabolic diseases: special treatment according to the situation.
6. Hypothyroidism, pituitary dwarfism, congenital ovarian hypoplasia, less than fetal age children, idiopathic dwarfism, etc. should be treated symptomatically.
Pathogenesis
There are various causes of growth retardation, some are natural processes, some are genetic factors, and some are diseases. 80% to 90% of children with growth retardation are normal growth variants, such as familial short stature, somatic developmental delay, and low birth weight dwarfism, which are related to congenital genetic factors or intrauterine dysplasia, and their growth rate is basically normal and do not require special treatment. However, for such children, parents should still create good acquired external conditions to promote maximum growth potential. Other causes are pathological, such as chromosomal abnormalities (Down syndrome, Turner syndrome), metabolic diseases, skeletal diseases (osteochondrodysplasia), chronic diseases, chronic malnutrition diseases, endocrine diseases (such as growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism), etc. For this part of short stature caused by disease, you should go to the hospital for examination and To find out the cause of slow growth and treat it.