1.What about vitreous hemorrhage? Vitreous hemorrhage is a common complication of intraocular hemorrhage vision loss caused by eye trauma, retinal fissure or retinal vasculopathy. Mild vitreous hemorrhage usually does not require surgical treatment, oral hemostatic drugs and drugs to promote the absorption of bleeding can be; more serious bleeding or with retinal detachment and other lesions need to receive vitrectomy treatment. 2.What fundus lesions can occur in diabetic patients? Diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease and its vascular lesions can affect the blood vessels of the retina, causing microangiomas, retinal hemorrhage, exudation, vascular degeneration, macular degeneration, neovascularization and proliferation, and retinal detachment and other fundus lesions in the eye, which eventually lead to blindness. 3.How is diabetic fundus lesion treated? Diabetic fundus lesions can be divided into early, middle and late stages, the earlier the treatment, the better the final effect. In the early stage, there are only a small amount of microangioma, retinal hemorrhage and exudation, oral medication to improve microcirculation is sufficient; in the middle stage, retinal hemorrhage and neovascularization and other lesions often require laser treatment; in the late stage, a large amount of neovascularization and retinal detachment must be treated by vitrectomy. 4.Do I need to see an ophthalmologist after discovering diabetes? Diabetes can cause diabetic cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, optic neuropathy, uveitis, glaucoma and strabismus in the eye. 5. Is it harmful to examine the fundus with dilated pupils? Dilated eye examinations are not harmful to the eye because the pupil itself is in a constant state of dilated activity, especially in the dark or at night, when the pupil tends to dilate widely. Dilated pupils allow for optometry, examination of fundus disease and treatment of iridocyclitis in adolescents. Slit lamp microscopy and IOP examination are performed before pupil dilatation. For people without elevated IOP or atrial angle narrowing, there is no damage from pupil dilatation. 6. What is retinal detachment? The retina is the innermost layer of the eye wall and has light-sensitive functions. Under normal circumstances, the retina is closely attached to the pigment epithelium below it, but in case of injury or disease, the retina may detach from the pigment epithelium, resulting in retinal detachment. Because the retina is composed of nerve cells, its function is irreversibly impaired, and once detachment occurs, it will cause serious visual impairment. Therefore, retinal detachment must be detected and treated as early as possible to prevent further loss of visual function and to recover part of the vision. 7.What is the manifestation of foraminogenic retinal detachment? Before the detachment of retina occurs, the patient will often feel black shadows floating in front of the eyes or a sense of flashing light in a certain direction. The main manifestation of retinal detachment is visual field blockage and vision loss, and the visual field blockage often starts from a certain direction and gradually expands in scope, while the vision loss increases rapidly. 8.Who is prone to retinal detachment? The following groups of people are prone to retinal detachment: (1) myopic patients, especially highly myopic patients; (2) patients with retinal detachment in one eye and retinal detachment in the other eye; (3) patients with eye trauma, including rupture and blunt contusion; (4) patients with other internal eye diseases, such as vitreous opacities and retinal vascular diseases; (5) a few patients after internal eye surgery. 9.How to prevent retinal detachment? According to statistics, the annual incidence of retinal detachment in the population is about 0.1 per 1,000, and the early symptoms are often not obvious, so it is important to have regular eye health checkups, especially for high-risk groups such as highly myopic. Once the prodromal symptoms of retinal detachment appear, such as floating black shadows in front of the eyes, flashing sensation, etc., go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible, and if retinal fissures and degeneration are found, laser photocoagulation or condensation treatment should be carried out in time. For people who are prone to retinal detachment, they should avoid strenuous activities such as basketball and diving, and avoid eye trauma. 10.How to treat retinal detachment? Except for a small number of exudative retinal detachments, most retinal detachments require surgery. Depending on the condition, external retinal repositioning surgery or vitrectomy combined with retinal repositioning surgery can be performed. 11.What are the consequences of retinal detachment if not treated in time? Retinal detachment for a long time will lead to scarring of the retina and atrophy of the photoreceptor cells, and it is impossible to restore vision after surgery. 12.What is the purpose and prognosis of retinal detachment surgery? The purpose of retinal detachment surgery is to close the retinal fissure and reset the retina. The degree of vision recovery is determined by the pre-operative condition and the patient’s recovery function, and it takes a long time to recover, and a significant number of patients will recover useful vision after surgery. Retinal detachment may occur again after surgery in less than 10% of patients, and once it occurs, another surgery is required. 13.How should I take care of myself after surgery? ①Take a positive and optimistic attitude towards the disease, refrain from anger and agitation, and cooperate closely with various treatments; ②Take care of the nutritional balance in diet and keep the bowel movement smooth; ③Follow the doctor’s instructions to maintain the body position and rest in bed, avoid strenuous exercise and eye rotation to prevent the retina from detaching again; ④Follow the doctor’s instructions to take medication and spot the eye on time; ⑤Revisit the hospital regularly, and go to the hospital immediately if there is pain in the operated eye, black shadow in front of the eyes, double vision, flashing sensation, vision loss and other symptoms. If symptoms such as pain in the operated eye, dark shadows in front of the eyes, double vision, flashing sensation, loss of vision, etc. occur, go to the hospital for follow-up immediately. 14.How to deal with intraocular foreign body injury? Foreign body may enter the eye after the penetrating injury, first of all, avoid panic after the injury, do not rub the eye and wipe the eye, after the scene clean bandage or simple cover, immediately go to the hospital for medical consultation. Intraocular foreign bodies, especially metal foreign bodies, can easily lead to intraocular infection and inflammation, and should be operated as soon as possible. 15.What is sympathetic ophthalmia? Sympathetic ophthalmia is an inflammation in the contralateral eye caused by the stimulation of intraocular inflammation after an injury in one eye, resulting in ocular congestion in the contralateral eye, decreased visual acuity, visual distortion and other manifestations. The incubation time after trauma can range from a few hours to several decades, with 90% occurring within 1 year of the injury. For the affected eye that has been sutured wound, still has been no light sensation after surgery, and the eye tends to atrophy, eye removal can be considered to prevent the occurrence of sympathetic endophthalmitis. 16.What is blunt contusion of the eye? When the eye is injured by a blunt object such as a stick, stone, or fist, a light injury can cause bleeding on the surface of the eye (subconjunctival hemorrhage), which will absorb on its own after 1 to 2 weeks and will not affect vision; when the injury is severe, it can cause bleeding inside the eye, damage to the iris, lens, optic nerve, and retina, or even rupture of the eye, resulting in permanent visual impairment. Therefore, you should go to the hospital immediately after the injury to save your vision and eye. 17.What is septic endophthalmitis? The development of septic endophthalmitis is rapid, and if the diagnosis and treatment are not timely, it can cause serious damage to the eye tissue, resulting in loss of vision or even atrophy of the eye; inflammation not controlled in time can spread to the outside of the eye, and even intracranial infection and sepsis can occur. It is one of the emergencies of ophthalmology and needs immediate surgery. 18.What is age-related macular degeneration? Age-related macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration, is a disease caused by metabolic waste deposited in the macula of the retina, which is the most sensitive part of vision, as we grow older. blindness can occur due to massive bleeding. 19.Why do I need fundus angiography? Some fundus diseases cannot be diagnosed or treated by fundoscopy alone, so fundus angiography should be performed. Fundus angiography is performed by injecting a contrast medium from a vein in the forearm and using a fundus photography system to photograph the fundus vessels and the process of contrast perfusion. Fundus vessels are divided into two types: fluorescein retinal angiography and indocyanine green choroidal angiography. The former mainly reflects the condition of retinal vessels to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases; the latter mainly reflects the condition of the choroid to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of choroidal diseases. 20.What fundus diseases can be treated by laser? Many fundus diseases can be treated with laser, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein obstruction, macular degeneration, retinal hemangioma, retinal fissure and degeneration, choroidal tumor and other diseases. With laser treatment, most of the fundus lesions can be controlled to avoid further aggravation and prevent further vision loss and the occurrence of refractory diseases such as neovascular glaucoma. 21.What diseases can photodynamic therapy (PDT) treat? Photodynamic therapy is to inject a specific photosensitizer into the patient’s blood vessels, which can reach the abnormal fundus neovascularization with blood flow, and then irradiate it with a special non-thermal laser, thus destroying the abnormal neovascularization without damaging the normal retinal neuroepithelial tissue. This treatment is now internationally recognized as a convenient, safe and effective method of treating choroidal neovascularization in the subcentral macular sulcus. At present, PDT is used to treat neovascularization under the central macular recess, choroidal polyp-like lesions and choroidal hemangioma in the macula caused by various reasons. 22.Which fundus diseases can be treated by TTT laser? TTT is the abbreviation of transpupillary thermotherapy, which is mostly used to treat choroidal vascular diseases outside the macula, such as choroidal neovascularization outside the macula, choroidal polyp-like lesions, choroidal hemangioma, smaller choroidal melanoma without metastasis, etc. 23.Why can’t fundus laser treatment be performed immediately after fundus angiography? After fundus angiography, a large amount of contrast agent will remain in the eye, and laser treatment of fundus at this time will affect the treatment effect. Generally, most of the contrast agent is metabolized and cleared after 12 to 24 hours of angiography before laser treatment is performed. 24.What is leukoaraiosis? Leukoaraiosis is a chronic disease that affects many organs throughout the body, mostly in male young adults. The main manifestations include recurrent iridocyclitis and chorioretinitis in the eyes, as well as recurrent oral mucosal ulcers, recurrent skin nodular erythema and skin irritation allergy, and genital ulcers. The disease is prone to recurrent episodes and is generally treated with oral corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressants orally and with topical eye spotting.