Artificial kidney refers to a device that replaces the function of the kidney and is mainly used to treat renal failure. New artificial kidneys such as wearable artificial kidneys, pure biological implantable artificial kidneys cultivated by stem cells, and injectable artificial kidneys with 3D printed materials are still in the research and development stage, and are not in the clinic at present. Currently, the techniques of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are often applied in clinical practice. New artificial kidney clinical trials have been ongoing, has not yet entered the clinic, the results of such research can be transplanted into the patient’s body instead of the original kidney and provide patients with uremia with the gospel. At present, for patients with renal failure, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and other treatments can be performed, which can partially replace the function of the kidneys to achieve the purpose of alleviating the condition. Patients who need renal replacement therapy are recommended to consult regular hospitals and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of physicians.