I. Measles
Etiology – Measles virus
Systemic symptoms and other features – fever, cough, photophobia, nasal catarrh, conjunctivitis, Koplik’s spots
Rash characteristics – red maculopapular rash, from the head and face – neck – trunk – extremities, pigmentation and fine flaking after the rash has subsided
The relationship between fever and rash – the rash appears 3-4 days after fever, and the rash period is the peak of fever
Rubella
Etiology – Rubella virus Wang Hanjiu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital
Systemic symptoms and other features – mild systemic symptoms, swollen and painful lymph nodes behind the ear and occipital area
Rash characteristics – face and neck, trunk and extremities, maculopapular rash, normal skin between rashes, no pigmentation or desquamation after rash remission
The relationship between fever and rash – rash appears 1-2 days after the appearance of symptoms
Emergency rash
Etiology – human herpesvirus type 6
Systemic symptoms and other features – mainly seen in infants and young children, generally in good condition, with convulsions during high fever, and swollen occipital lymph nodes behind the ear, often accompanied by mild diarrhea.
Rash characteristics – red small dense papules, head, face, neck and trunk are common, the extremities are less common, all appear one day and begin to fade the next day.
The relationship between fever and rash – high fever for 3-5 days, fever subsiding and rash appearing
IV. Scarlet fever
Pathogen: Streptococcus hemolyticus type B
Systemic symptoms and other features – fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, prune tongue, pale ring around the mouth, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
Rash characteristics – diffuse skin congestion, dense pinpoint papules on the skin, the skin of the whole body can be involved, the rash recedes with peeling skin
The relationship between fever and rash – fever for 1-2 days, high fever at rash onset
V. Enterovirus infection
Pathogen – echovirus, coxsackievirus
Systemic symptoms and other features – fever, sore throat, runny nose, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, generalized or posterior cervical or occipital lymph node enlargement
Rash characteristics – scattered macular rash or maculopapular rash, rarely confluent, fading in 1-3 days, non-flaking, sometimes purpura-like or blister-like rash
The relationship between fever and rash – the rash appears when fever is present or after the fever subsides
VI. Drug rash
Cause – taking drugs
Systemic symptoms and other features – symptoms of the original disease, a history of recent drug use
Rash characteristics-rash is variable, maculopapular rash, herpes, scarlet fever-like rash, urticaria, etc. Itchy sensation, friction and pressure areas more
Fever and rash relationship – Fever is mostly caused by the primary disease.