Many parents currently confuse myopia with amblyopia, thinking that their child’s poor vision is myopia, when in fact a significant proportion of children’s low vision is caused by amblyopia. So, what is amblyopia? The definition of amblyopia by the Strabismus and Amblyopia Prevention and Control Group is: amblyopia is defined as a person who has no obvious organic lesions in the eye and whose distance visual acuity is ≤0.8 and cannot be corrected due to mainly functional factors. However, the diagnosis of amblyopia cannot be made in a one-size-fits-all manner, as the criteria can be lowered in children, especially in children, when their visual growth and development is not complete. Simply put, amblyopia is a phenomenon in which people grow up but their vision does not grow, and can be seen as “optic atrophy” or “dormancy of the optic cells”. Amblyopia has a high prevalence in different countries and regions. In China, the prevalence is about 3%, and according to the projection of the National Strabismus and Amblyopia Group, there are more than 10 million amblyopic children in China. Amblyopia, especially monocular amblyopia, is easily neglected by parents, thus delaying treatment, and amblyopia treatment becomes less effective as the age increases. If treatment is delayed beyond the age of 6, it is difficult to achieve a visual acuity of more than 1.0; if it is delayed beyond the age of 12, it is generally ineffective, and these delayed children will have lifelong low vision, which cannot be improved by wearing glasses or any other method, and often affects the monocular function of both eyes. Children with amblyopia are not only limited in their future education and career choices, but their intellectual and psychological development will be affected to varying degrees as they grow up. Therefore, pediatric amblyopia must be treated early, which requires parents to pay more attention to their children’s vision status, and once they find out that their children have low vision, they should go to a regular hospital as soon as possible. After diagnosis by a professional physician, if it is indeed amblyopia, a systematic and standardized comprehensive vision enhancement treatment for amblyopia must be carried out under the guidance of a physician so that the child’s vision can be saved to the maximum extent.