Esophageal mucosal ectasia is a congenital disorder that usually does not recover on its own, and when combined with gastrointestinal disorders, medications or endoscopic treatments may be given. The etiology of esophageal mucosal ectasia has not been clearly defined, and most of them are thought to be related to congenital developmental abnormality. At the time of germination, the columnar epithelium covering the surface of esophagus is replaced by the squamous epithelium of the lamina cribrosa, and if the replacement process is incomplete, it may cause the embryonic gastric mucous membrane to remain in the esophagus, and then esophago-gastric mucous membrane ectasia occurs. Generally, there is no obvious harm, and if there are no clinical symptoms, no special treatment can be given. Esophageal mucosal ectasia may increase acid secretion, which may cause esophageal ulceration, bleeding, or complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or increase the prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus, and should be treated promptly with acid-suppressing therapy to alleviate the symptoms, and the most commonly used medications are proton-pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole, pantoprazole, etc.), and Hâ‚‚-receptor antagonists (e.g., cimetidine, ranitidine, etc.). In patients with esophageal mucosal ectasia, if acid-suppressing treatment is ineffective, symptoms are frequent or cancer is suspected, endoscopic treatment is feasible, including endoscopic laser, argon knife and high-frequency electrocautery, etc., and endoscopic mucosal stripping resection is feasible if necessary. If esophageal mucosal ectasia is asymptomatic, there is no need to recover, if combined with acid reflux, heartburn, nausea and other digestive symptoms, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner, under the guidance of the doctor to use medication, to avoid self-medication, delay the condition.