Colorectal cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract occurring in the large intestine, and the incidence rate has been increasing significantly in recent years. Even its 5-year survival rate after radical resection is only about 40-50%, while the survival rate of early colorectal cancer is over 90%, so the prevention and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer are very critical.
Although the cause of colorectal cancer is not clear, its related high-risk factors are gradually recognized, such as excessive animal fat and animal protein diet, lack of fresh vegetables and fibrous foods; lack of moderate physical activity. Genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer at night. Some diseases, such as familial intestinal polyposis, have been recognized as pre-cancerous diseases, colonic adenoma, ulcerative polyposis and colonic schistosomiasis are more closely related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
So how can we prevent colorectal cancer and achieve early diagnosis?
I. Need to improve dietary habits
1.Rationalize daily diet, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and other foods rich in carbohydrates and coarse fibers, and appropriately increase the proportion of coarse grains and mixed grains in staple foods, which should not be too fine and refined.
2, eat less high-fat food, especially to control the intake of animal fat. High-fat, high-protein, low-fiber diet produces more carcinogenic substances and acts on the colon for a long time, which inevitably leads to an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer.
3.Eat less or do not eat foods rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, including: lard, butter, fatty meat, animal offal, fish roe, etc.; do not eat or eat less fried food.
4, eat more food rich in dietary fiber: konjac, soybeans and their products, fresh vegetables and fruits, seaweed, etc.
5.Replace fine grains with some coarse grains. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits to supplement carotene and vitamin C.
6, moderate consumption of walnuts, peanuts, dairy products, seafood, etc., to supplement vitamin E.
7, pay attention to the intake of malt, fish, mushrooms and other foods rich in trace elements of selenium.
Second, actively prevent and treat intestinal diseases
Actively exercise to prevent various polyps, chronic enteritis (including ulcerative colitis), schistosomiasis, chronic dysentery, etc..
For intestinal polyps should be dealt with more early. Colon polyps are divided into five categories, namely adenomatous polyps, biochemical polyps, inflammatory polyps, misshapen polyps, etc. Among them, adenomatous polyps are true neoplastic polyps, a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, so when adenomas are found in the colon, treatment should be carried out to remove the adenomas and pathological examination, hopefully at the stage of benign adenomas are removed to prevent colorectal cancer. If not treated early, most of them will become colorectal cancer and the prognosis is poor.
In addition, habitual constipation should be actively treated and attention should be paid to keep the bowels open.
Regular colonoscopy
It is especially important to note that many patients or medical examiners refuse colonoscopy because they are worried about the pain caused by colonoscopy, which is very incorrect. This is very incorrect because many colorectal cancers originate from polyps in the colon and rectum, and these polyps are almost asymptomatic, and the physician can find intestinal polyps and remove them during colonoscopy, which can avoid the development of polyps to cancer.
In addition, colon cancer has almost no symptoms in the early stage, so many patients refuse colonoscopy when they are examined; and when they really come to the hospital for examination with symptoms, most of them are already middle and late stage tumors, so many of them sacrifice their lives unnecessarily. Therefore, people with high risk of colorectal cancer, such as men over 40 years old, familial polyps, ulcerative colitis patients, chronic schistosomiasis patients and people with family history of colorectal cancer should have regular colonoscopy, and even for normal people aged 40, it is necessary to have colonoscopy once every 3-5 years.
The correct understanding of “colonoscopy
Due to the progress of science, the pain caused by colonoscopy to patients has been significantly reduced, we do not need to “talk about colonoscopy”.
First of all, the preparation of the intestines before colonoscopy is much easier than before, and patients do not have to suffer from hunger as before.
Secondly, “painless colonoscopy” is already a routine examination program in our hospital, and this examination has few side effects and is basically painless.
However, since more and more patients are undergoing colonoscopy, it is necessary to make an appointment for colonoscopy.