Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive organs. They do not require treatment if they are asymptomatic or small, but usually require surgery if they are symptomatic or large. The surgical treatment options include transabdominal, transvaginal, laparoscopic, and hysteroscopic, and the main surgical procedures are myomectomy and hysterectomy. The specific surgical procedure is determined by the patient’s condition. If the patient has an indication for surgery, has fertility requirements, and has not yet reached the severity of hysterectomy, myomectomy can be performed, but the fibroids removed need to be sent for pathological examination to determine whether they are cancerous. For patients without fertility requirements, with obvious symptoms, multiple fibroids and a history of multiple surgeries, and suspected malignancy, total hysterectomy is required. The majority of patients with fibroids are asymptomatic and do not require treatment, but surgery should be considered in the following cases: (1) fibroids cause excessive menstruation or secondary anemia, and medication is ineffective; (2) fibroids cause severe abdominal pain, painful intercourse, or chronic pain; (3) fibroids are large enough to compress the bladder and rectum, causing symptoms such as urinary frequency and urgency, difficulty urinating, and constipation; (4) fibroids cause infertility or recurrent miscarriages; (5) fibroids cause infertility or recurrent miscarriages; (6) fibroids are not a cause of cancer. (4) fibroids cause infertility or recurrent miscarriage; (5) fibroids have the possibility of malignant transformation. In summary, the surgical methods for fibroids include myomectomy and hysterectomy, and the specific surgical method should be chosen according to the patient’s condition.