Uterine fibroids are the most common tumors of the female reproductive system, accounting for 20% of women of childbearing age. The main clinical manifestations are excessive menstruation, pelvic pain, and symptoms of mass compression (including frequent urination, difficulty urinating, and difficulty drying stools). The conventional treatment is myomectomy or hysterectomy. However, surgical removal of the uterus is unacceptable for women who require fertility, and can also lead to endocrine disorders and early onset of menopausal syndrome or osteoporosis symptoms. Myomectomy, on the other hand, has a high recurrence rate. In recent years, interventional treatment (uterine artery embolization) for uterine fibroids has become the treatment of choice for female patients, especially those with fertility requirements, because it is minimally invasive and has low surgical risk and few complications. Interventional treatment principle Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of smooth muscle origin, and their blood supply originates from bilateral uterine arteries with no other anastomosing branches. The branches of the uterine arteries form a rich vascular network within the pseudo-envelope around the fibroids and have radiating branches into the fibroids, which increase and thicken as the fibroids increase in size. The above characteristics of blood supply of uterine fibroids make them suitable for interventional (embolization) treatment. Due to the existence of the above anastomoses, in most cases, the proximal end of the internal iliac artery is embolized bilaterally, and as long as the tiny branches and capillaries of the artery remain open, the pelvic organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, bladder, rectum and gluteal muscles can still have sufficient blood supply without necrosis and maintain normal function. Embolization of the artery supplying uterine fibroids, without causing uterine necrosis, results in ischemia, degeneration, necrosis and resorption of the fibroids due to the absence of collateral circulation established. Therefore, interventional treatment (uterine artery embolization) for uterine fibroids is safe and efficient. Interventional treatment method Interventional treatment is chosen to be performed 2 to 8 days after menstrual cleansing. Preoperative routine examinations such as liver and kidney function, chest X-ray, routine blood count, blood clotting function and electrocardiogram were performed, and analgesic drugs were used intraoperatively and postoperatively. The Seldinger technique was used to intubate via femoral artery puncture, and a 5F pigtail tube was inserted to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries bilaterally for imaging to clarify the arterial dissection, observe the blood supply to the myoma and stain the myoma. According to the blood supply, a Cobra catheter was used to super-selectively enter the contralateral cotyledonary artery to confirm the angiogram, and then the embolization was stopped after adding embolic agent to fix it until the vessel was occluded, and then another angiogram was performed to confirm whether the vessel was occluded, and then the ipsilateral embolization process was completed by using the catheter to form a loop branch. The embolization agent used was PVA, pinyamycin + iodinated oil. The dose was selected according to the tumor. After embolization, the catheter was removed, the puncture site was compressed for 15 min to stop bleeding, pressure bandaged, lying down for 24 h, and the puncture side was braked for 6 h. Anti-infection and symptomatic treatment were given. Post-intervention The common side effects of intervention for uterine fibroids (uterine artery embolization) Lower abdominal pain is a common symptom, which is related to the ischemia of fibroids and involvement of normal tissues after uterine artery embolization. Postoperative fever is also common and may be related to ischemia and necrotic tissue absorption occurring after embolization. Postoperative nausea and vomiting may be related to the vagal reflex. This is a temporary symptom, which disappears after 2-3 days of symptomatic treatment, which is consistent with the reports in the relevant literature. Uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids is a safe and effective method, which does not require opening the abdomen, does not remove the uterus, is less traumatic, less painful, less side effects, faster recovery and shorter hospital stay, and is especially suitable for young people of childbearing age and women who need to preserve the uterus or who have severe anemia, hypertension, diabetes and other medical diseases. After uterine artery embolization, the local blood flow of the fibroid is blocked, the blood supply is reduced, the endometrium is temporarily in a state of ischemia and contraction, and the size of the fibroid gradually decreases, thus reducing the pressure on the endometrium and normalizing the uterine cavity and endometrial area, thus the patient’s menstrual cycle tends to be regular, the period is shortened, the menstrual volume is reduced, and the anemia is corrected. The reduction of fibroid volume takes time and is affected by various factors such as blood supply, location, size, embolization method and revascularization.