Rectal prolapse, also known as prolapse, is a common anorectal disease. Although common, many people do not pay attention to rectal prolapse until it has serious consequences and has to be treated in the hospital. Although prolapse is a common anorectal disease, there are many people who do not know about it. Here, we will introduce it to you in detail. What is rectal prolapse? In modern medicine, prolapse of the rectum refers to the prolapse of the anal canal and rectum outside the anus, part of the prolapse can be seen as a round, red, smooth surface swelling, with a “radiolucent” fold of mucosa and soft texture, which retracts on its own after defecation. If the prolapse is complete, the prolapse is longer, the prolapse is pagoda-like or spherical, the surface is visible as circular rectal mucosal folds, and the sphincter is loose and weak on rectal palpation. If there is small intestine inside the prolapse, sometimes the phenomenon of bowel sounds can be heard. What are the main clinical symptoms of rectal prolapse? Early stage: the mucous membrane prolapses from the anus after defecation and can be retracted by itself; afterwards, it gradually cannot return by itself and needs to be restored by hand, and there is often a little mucous flowing out from the anus, a feeling of falling and incomplete defecation after defecation, and the number of defecation increases. Second, late: rectal prolapse in coughing, sneezing, walking, standing for a long time or a little force can be prolapsed, after prolapse there is a local swelling, can also feel lumbosacral distension, prolapsed mucous membrane has mucus secretion, mucous membrane often stimulated can occur congestion, edema, erosion and ulceration, secretion can be mixed with bloody mucus, stimulate the perianal skin, can cause itching. Once embedded occurs, the patient feels severe local pain, the swelling cannot be reset by hand, and the prolapsed anal canal soon becomes swollen, congested, and the mucosal folds disappear. If not treated in time, strangulation and necrosis may occur. Clinically, rectal prolapse is divided into three degrees according to the degree of prolapse: the first degree is prolapse of rectal mucosa, the second degree is prolapse of the whole rectum, and the third degree is prolapse of the rectum and sigmoid colon. What are the dangers of rectal prolapse? There are many hazards of prolapse, especially for middle-aged and elderly people and children, mainly in the following aspects: a. Swelling in the bowel discharge: at the beginning of rectal prolapse there is constipation, irregular bowel movements, always feeling full and distended rectum and unclean bowel movements. During defecation a swelling is dislodged, but it can be retracted by itself. Second, mucus stimulation: due to rectal prolapse, intestinal fluid overflow, easily stimulate the perianal skin leading to anal itching, which can cause the onset of anal eczema and other diseases; Third, infection: after rectal prolapse, germs can easily invade the intestine, causing intestinal inflammation, perianal subcutaneous abscess, etc.; Fourth, mucosal congestion and edema: repeated prolapse and retraction of the rectum can easily cause mucosal congestion and edema, leading to blood in the stool; Fifth, intestinal entrapment, strangulation Necrosis: rectal prolapse cannot be reset or restored to its original position, which may cause intestinal entrapment, and in severe cases, intestinal obstruction may not be ruled out; sixth, affecting physical development: for pediatric prolapse patients, prolapse can seriously affect pediatric physical development. In addition, the more serious prolapse will cause nerve damage to the pubic area resulting in anal incontinence, ulceration, perianal infection, rectal bleeding, prolapsed intestinal segment edema, stenosis and the risk of necrosis. Therefore, patients should go to a professional anorectal hospital for scientific diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner. What are the treatment methods for rectal prolapse? 1, conservative treatment of rectal prolapse in young children can be self-healing, so the main non-surgical treatment. That is, with the growth and development of children, the formation of sacral curvature rectal prolapse will gradually disappear. If you correct constipation, develop good defecation habits, defecation time should be shortened, reset immediately after the stool. If the prolapse time is long prolapse congestion, edema, should take prone position or side lying position immediately reset by manipulation. 2.Injection therapy Short-term recurrence, longer disease time, the use of the above methods are still not effective, injection therapy methods can be used, injection route can be through the anoscope under direct vision injection of drugs into the submucosa, so that the mucosa and muscle adhesion; or perianal skin in the rectal diagnosis under the rectal injection, so that the rectum and the surrounding adhesions fixed. 3.Surgical treatment Patients with more serious conditions need surgical treatment. There are many surgical methods, mostly through the open abdomen will be fixed rectal suspension to achieve the purpose of treatment, the advantage is that the treatment effect is good, the disadvantage is the need for open abdomen, trauma. 4, minimally invasive treatment Minimally invasive treatment is the use of laparoscopic technology, in the abdomen for three 0.5 to 1cm tiny incisions, the placement of laparoscopic instruments, the rectal suspension and fixation, to achieve the same therapeutic effect with the traditional open surgery. It is less invasive and the patient recovers quickly, and can generally be discharged 2 to 3 days after surgery. However, this technique requires advanced laparoscopic equipment and is currently only available in hospitals that have the means to perform it.