Why is it important to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) after it has occurred? This is mainly because of the following risks of atrial fibrillation: 1. Patients feel panic and palpitations. This is mainly due to the irregular heart rhythm in atrial fibrillation, and the symptoms are more pronounced if rapid atrial fibrillation occurs. 2, the occurrence of atrial thrombosis, leading to stroke. When atrial release fibrillation occurs, blood tends to stagnate in the left atrium, thus forming a thrombus, which falls off and the embolus is blocked in the cerebral vessels causing a stroke. 3.Decrease in cardiac output. Atrial fibrillation leads to inconsistent atrial contraction, resulting in a decrease in cardiac output, which can be up to 20% less than normal in severe cases. Therefore, after surgery, patients with atrial fibrillation are prone to low cardiac output syndrome. Treatment of atrial fibrillation is divided into pharmacotherapy and ablation therapy. Pharmacological treatment mainly includes pharmacological transient rhythm (e.g., etanercept, trade name Cortolone), pharmacological heart rate control (e.g., metoprolol hydrochloride, verapamil, etc.) and anticoagulation therapy (warfarin, aspirin). Ablation therapy is divided into medical intervention and intraoperative surgical ablation. Among them, atrial fibrillation in combination with heart valve disease, intraoperative ablation of atrial fibrillation at the same time of valve surgery can greatly reduce the perioperative risk, improve patient prognosis and enhance long-term survival quality.