Standardized treatment of advanced prostate cancer

  The treatment of advanced prostate cancer is not yet standardized. Is it simple anti-androgen therapy or anti-androgen combined with deandrogenization? Is it continuous endocrine therapy or intermittent endocrine therapy? What should be done for patients who do not respond to endocrine therapy? The above questions are still inconclusive.  How to treat advanced prostate cancer that turns into destructive resistant prostate cancer after 1-2 years of regular endocrine therapy?  Destructive resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), also known as hormone resistant prostate cancer. It has been found that progressive prostate cancer does not always fail to respond to further hormone therapy, and secondly that disease progression is often dependent on the interaction of androgens and androgen receptors.  The definition of destructive resistant prostate cancer: Prostate cancer that progresses despite initial continuous endocrine therapy and has: (1) serum testosterone at destructive levels (less than 50ng/dl or less than 1.7nmol/L) (2) three consecutive PSA rises of 50% or more from the lowest value at one week intervals.  It can be assumed that such a patient must have received endocrine therapy, which can be simple anti-androgen therapy, simple depot therapy, or combined application, but must be continuous endocrine therapy; disease progression includes the appearance or exacerbation of symptoms, but also the rise of PSA, etc.  Patients with pharmacological debulking should be treated with surgical debulking or estrogen therapy if the serum testosterone does not reach the debulking level. It is important to make sure that the testosterone reaches the debulking level. Abiraterone can block the biosynthesis of androgens including testicular, adrenal and prostate cancer cell sources, thus minimizing the level of androgens in the body.  If the patient has no metastatic lesions, second-line endocrine therapy with the addition of antiandrogenic drugs, replacement of antiandrogenic drugs, discontinuation of antiandrogenic drugs, and addition of estrogen or adrenal androgen synthesis inhibitors may be an option.  If the patient has metastatic lesions, second-line endocrine therapy and abiraterone in combination with prednisone and docetaxel can be chosen. The commonly used docetaxel chemotherapy regimen is: docetaxel 75 mg/m2 administered intravenously every 3 weeks, plus prednisone 5 mg, twice/day, orally for 10 cycles. If patients are treated with docetaxel, they can be treated with abiraterone in combination with prednisone or with ketoconazole in combination with corticosteroids. Cabazitaxel can be used as an alternative to failure of docetaxel treatment.