High thyroid microsomal antibodies and globulin antibodies are commonly seen in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroid microsomal antibodies, or thyroid peroxidase antibodies, are one of the autoantibodies of the thyroid gland. They are produced by stimulation of thyroid microsomal antigens and are commonly found in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Because Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes destruction of thyroid cells, microsomal antigens and globulin antigens are released into the bloodstream, causing an immune response, resulting in a certain concentration of antibodies that can be detected in the blood. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common autoimmune disease with a high clinical incidence, usually in women over 40 years of age, with a relatively insidious clinical onset. Ultrasonography usually reveals diffuse changes in the thyroid gland, and patients should be tested for thyroid microsomal and globulin antibodies. If the test reveals elevated levels of both, the diagnosis is usually confirmed. A high level of thyroid microsomal and globulin antibodies is not a direct indicator of thyroid function, but only of the severity of thyroid cell destruction. Because immune pathogenic factors are slow to destroy thyroid cells and take more than 10 years to cause significant changes in thyroid function, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is usually monitored primarily for thyroid function. Most patients can take levothyroxine sodium tablets to improve thyroid function when hypothyroidism or near hypothyroidism occurs.