Leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system (commonly known as blood cancer). It is characterized by high fever, anemia, hemorrhage and infiltration, and belongs to the categories of warm disease, acute labor, hot labor, blood evidence and deficiency labor in ancestral medicine. Because the disease is dangerous, difficult to treat and easy to die in a short period of time, it is also known as “100-day labor”. According to the sequence of the onset of acute and chronic leukemia and clinical manifestations, the four diagnoses and the eight syllabus theory are combined to identify the disease and the evidence, and are named and classified as follows.
1.Acute leukemia
1.1 External fever
Acute leukemia has an acute onset, and the patient is physically fit before the onset. Because of the intense struggle between positive and evil, the general clinical manifestations are high fever, headache and body pain, body heat burning hands, thirst for cold drinks, irritability, sweating and the fever does not subside, or hot and cold exchanges, or accompanied by throat, gum swelling and pain, epistaxis, blood in the stool, blood in urine, coughing blood, women have leakage, and even faint delirium, twitching of the limbs, the tongue is reddish, moss yellow-brown-black less fluid or agitation, the pulse string smooth and number of diseases or false large and number, Chinese medicine for “external fever”. Most of them are caused by the presence of evil qi without deficiency of positive qi, or deficiency of positive qi, and evil takes advantage of the deficiency to enter.
1.2 Internal fever
Acute leukemia with late onset, or weakness before the onset, generally manifests clinically as low-grade fever, mostly caused by imbalance of qi and yin and yang in the internal organs, caused by yang deficiency, blood deficiency, qi deficiency, yin deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm stasis. Clinical manifestations are afternoon or night fever, weakness and night sweats, false irritability, dizziness, palpitations and shortness of breath, which are classified as “internal injury fever” in Chinese medicine. It is classified as “internal injury with fever” in Chinese medicine.
1.3 Warm disease
Some TCM scholars believe that acute leukemia belongs to the category of fever and temperature disease. The disease is often preceded by overexertion, cold, depression, resulting in a decrease in the body’s ability to resist disease, while feeling heat, warmth, or epidemic poison. The clinical symptoms include persistent high fever, but the symptoms of the Wei component are rarely seen. If the disease lasts for a long time, it may cause deficiency of kidney essence and deficiency-heat mixed with real-heat. Due to the incandescence of heat, or the heat that hurts Yin over time, “Yin deficiency leads to internal heat”, forcing the Blood to move delicately and causing bleeding.
In addition, the blood is tormented by heat to form blood stasis, which can also aggravate the bleeding tendency. The external temperature and fever chapter, “the warmth of the evil upwards, the first offense lung, reverse transmission of the pericardium …… view, after the Wei Qi Fang said gas, after the Ying Fang said blood, in the Wei sweat can also, to the gas can be clear gas, into the Ying Yu can penetrate heat to turn gas, into the blood is afraid of blood consumption and blood, straight need to cool the blood to disperse blood. “
1.4 deficiency labor
This disease is mainly due to the deficiency of the body’s vital energy, and the congenital “fetal toxin” within the ambush, and then feel the plague. The deficiency of vital energy and the actual evil toxin consumes yin and damages the liver, kidneys and bone marrow, resulting in loss of qi and blood. Most of the scholars believe that leukemia is mainly due to deficiency, and most of them believe that “deficiency causes disease”, i.e., “deficiency is caused by the seizure of essence”. In the late stage of acute leukemia and the remission stage, it is mostly transformed into the type of Qi-Yin deficiency and Qi-Blood deficiency, which manifests as mental weakness, white or yellowish face, pale lips and nails, dizziness and palpitations, shortness of breath and weakness, irritability and spontaneous sweating.
It is similar to deficiency labor in Chinese medicine. The “Medical Zong must read – deficiency labor” cloud: “the lady of the deficiency, does not belong to the gas, that is, belongs to the blood, the five viscera and six internal organs can not be outside, but only the spleen and kidneys, water for the first of all things, earth for the mother of all things, two Tibetan peace, a body are cured, a hundred diseases.” The “Classical Evidence and Treatment” says “all deficiencies and losses are mostly caused by the spleen and kidneys”.
1.5 Heat labor
Acute mononuclear cell leukemia (M5) is prone to low-grade fever, heat in the hands and feet, fatigue, gum swelling and pain, i.e. deficiency labor showing heat symptoms. The Golden Killing Wing. -Heat labor: “Heat labor is a deficiency of yin to produce heat because of heat and more deficiency, the evidence is seen in the body heat face red headache, irritable mind, sweating, eating tasteless, tiredness and more lying down and losing weight or mouth and tongue sores.”
1.6 Acute labor
Leukemia induces remission in the pre-remission and relapse phases, with rapid onset and development, high fever, sore throat, sores on the mouth and tongue, dizziness and palpitations, shortness of breath, pale face, large petechiae on the skin, severe epistaxis, epistaxis, collapse, vomiting blood, blood in the stool, blood in urine, painful pus ulcers on the skin, restlessness, or even delirium, pale tongue or red tongue, blood bubbles visible, weak and large pulse or weak pulse.
The “Sheng Ji General Record” records: “The theory that the disease of acute labor, its evidence is similar to the hot labor, but the difference is also violent. The reason for this is that the cares are not enough, the worries are not enough, the glory and the health are not enough, the heart and lungs are hot, the gold and fire are penalized, and the hidden qi is transmitted. Or feel the external evil, so irritable body heat, cheek red heart restless, headache night sweat, cough dry throat, sore bones, long then the skin fading scintillation coughing saliva blood, are also its symptoms.”
1.7 Blood evidence
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) is prone to extensive bleeding due to DIC, while leukemia can infiltrate the lung, gastrointestinal, kidney, skin and other organs, resulting in coughing up blood, vomiting blood, blood in the stool, blood in urine, and petechiae on the skin. Chinese medicine blood evidence due to fire and heat heavy burn into the qi deficiency does not take, that is, “fire and heat” and “qi injury” “Jisheng formula blood disease door”: “the blood of the delusion also, for there is not because of the heat of the hair, cover the blood to heat will overflow, blood gas fear heat, blood with the gas The blood is also epistaxis.”
The three causes of extreme a disease evidence formula – blood loss narrative “blood loss is like water also, water from the ground in the line, the circumference of blood flow in the person, glory, meridian, house, Yu, external not for the four qi injury, internal not for the seven emotions depressed so blood can not flow through the meridian injection glory nourishing hundred veins, or injection or scatter, or down and back, or reverse and up overflow.”
1.8 Bone paralysis
Acute leukemia infiltrates into bones and joints causing pain in bones and joints, suggesting excessive proliferation of leukemia cells in the bone marrow cavity. In Chinese medicine, it is caused by the evil of wind, cold, dampness and heat externally, and by the weakness of the internal organs, meridians, qi and blood, and camping and defense internally. The Su Wen – long thorns section theory: “disease in the bone, bone heavy can not be lifted, bone marrow soreness, cold to, called bone paralysis.” The Jin Kui Yao – Stroke and pulse evidence and treatment of the cloud: “Shao Yin pulse floating and weak, weak and insufficient blood, floating is the wind, wind and blood, that is, pain like a switch.” It can be classified as “bone paralysis” and “chronic joint” in Chinese medicine.
1.9 Spasm
During the remission phase of acute lymphatic leukemia, the leukemia of the central nervous system (CNS-L) is caused by the inability of the leukemic cells in the central nervous system to be effectively killed, resulting in clinical manifestations of headache, dizziness, neck stiffness and even convulsions and coma, similar to the “spasm” in Chinese medicine. The basic pathogenesis of spasm is the loss of moistening of the meridians, resulting in constriction and contracture. Jing Yue Quan Shu – Spasm Evidence” said that “all those who are deficient in yin and blood and cannot moisten the meridians, resulting in convulsions and stiffness, are this evidence.” Also said: “I think spasm is a disease, tonic recoil disease. The disease is in the meridians, tendons and veins Ben Pei Yuan to get together with the cattle bog ≡ consultation sea howling菰铮越盥巍!
2, chronic leukemia
2.1 Scrofula
Both acute and chronic leukemia can show enlarged lymph nodes in the liver and spleen, among which slow gonorrhea has enlarged lymph nodes as the main sign. Most of the chronic leukemia is caused by the deficiency of positive energy in human body, invasion of the six sexes, or the deficiency or dysfunction of internal organs, yin and yang, qi and blood caused by the seven emotions.
In the book of “The Authentic Principles of Surgery”, “scrofula is different from wind poison, heat poison and gas poison, and also different from scrofula, tendon scrofula and phlegm scrofula. The wind poison is caused by the wind and cold outside, and is found in the meridians. Scrofula is the result of cold and cold, and scrofula is like a string of pearls, connecting three or five pieces.
2.2 Symptomatic accumulation
Chronic granuloma with a large spleen as the main prominent manifestation, is due to a large increase in infantile cells, the bone marrow part of the hematopoietic tissue gradually reduced, fibrous tissue proliferation, the spleen to replace the bone marrow part of the hematopoietic function, gradually enlarged, hardened. In Chinese medicine, it is believed that after strain or external sensation, the liver and spleen retain heat that does not resolve, damaging the function of the liver and spleen. Ling Shu – five changes: “people’s good disease, accumulation in the intestines, thin skin and not Ze, meat is not firm and Nao Ze.” Also “Ling Shu – the beginning of all diseases”: “The beginning of all diseases are born in the wind, rain, cold and summer, clear moisture, joy and anger, spread outside the gastrointestinal, between the collection of the original, stay and not go, rest and become accumulation.” This belongs to the Chinese medicine “symptoms of accumulation”.
2.3 Sweating evidence
In the remission period of acute and chronic leukemia, it is the type of Qi and Yin deficiency. This is the sweating evidence in Chinese medicine.
3. Conclusion
Leukemia is a malignant neoplastic disease formed by abnormal clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, with fever, bleeding and anemia, and enlarged liver and spleen lymph nodes as the main manifestations.
There is no exact record of leukemia in Chinese medicine. Modern Chinese medicine mainly classifies it into the categories of external fever, internal fever, deficiency labor, acute labor, blood evidence, sweating evidence, scrofula, syndrome accumulation, bone paralysis and spasm according to its clinical manifestations, which are recorded and described in many literature of Chinese medicine. Tang Yujun, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.