Post-exercise hematuria is found after strenuous activities such as running or playing ball, but there is no obvious discomfort and no other combined symptoms, this is post-exercise hematuria, and its loess is caused by kidney damage after strenuous exercise. After exercise, sometimes there is “hemoglobinuria”, when the color of urine is soy sauce, and when the urine is examined microscopically, there are no red blood cells or only a few red blood cells. Post-exercise hemoglobinuria, also known as “marching hemoglobinuria,” used to be named for the fact that it occurred after a soldier marched. This condition contains free hemoglobin in the urine due to intravascular hemolysis during exercise, and most people have a good prognosis and can heal on their own, generally without adverse health effects. Hematuria with proteinuria: Renal hematuria refers to hematuria originating from the glomerulus and manifests clinically as simple hematuria, or hematuria with proteinuria. If the treatment is incomplete, recurrent attacks or loss of treatment and mismanagement, the condition cannot be effectively controlled and eventually leads to uremia. Hematuria with dyspareunia, straining and dribbling of urine is mostly associated with prostatic hypertrophy in older men, while in middle-aged men, urethral stricture, urethral stones or bladder tumors should be considered. Transient hematuria: “True hematuria is diagnosed when the urine examination has a red blood cell count of ≥3, a high-powered view or a red blood cell count of ≥8000 cells/mL, or a 12-hour urine sediment count of more than 500,000, after excluding contaminated hematuria and injury hematuria. It is generally believed that the presence of true hematuria implies lesions in the kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate or urethra, or due to diseases of other organ systems involving the urinary system, and should be given high priority.” Hematuria visible to the naked eye: the first thing that should be thought of is urinary tract tumors, such as bladder tumors, kidney tumors, renal pelvis and ureter tumors, urethral tumors, male prostate tumors, etc. Especially in elderly patients, the older the patient with hematuria to the naked eye, the greater the possibility of having urinary tract tumors, so the occurrence of hematuria in middle-aged and elderly people should be treated more seriously. There are two obvious characteristics of bladder cancer hematuria, the first one is painless, patients can have obvious hematuria without any pain; the second one is intermittent occurrence of hematuria, the blood vessels at the tumor site rupture, ulceration and necrosis, causing blood vessel damage to occur hematuria, stopping bleeding after appearing coagulation, and then repeat bleeding after destruction. Many patients with bladder cancer have an interval of six months to one year from the first botrythematous hematuria to the second botrythematous hematuria. Treatment with antibiotics and hemostatic drugs can temporarily suspend the hematuria, but it must not be taken lightly, otherwise the diagnosis and treatment will be delayed. The severity of carnal hematuria has a certain relationship with the size, number and malignancy of bladder tumor, but it is not necessarily proportional, so the severity of carnal hematuria should not be used to estimate the stage of bladder tumor. Even if there is only one occurrence of carnal hematuria, it should be examined in detail. Early bladder tumors rarely have urinary tract irritation symptoms. If bladder tumors become infected or grow in the lower part of the bladder, urinary tract irritation symptoms such as urinary urgency, urinary frequency, painful urination and difficulty in urination may appear at an early stage. Exercise hematuria refers to the sudden onset of transient hematuria in healthy people after strenuous exercise. It is closely related to excessive exercise intensity, rapid increase in exercise volume and decrease in physical function. No other abnormal changes or causes can be found by clinical examination, laboratory tests and special examinations. Exercise hematuria is mostly manifested as microscopic hematuria, and a small number of cases show carnal hematuria, which is usually not accompanied by other abnormal symptoms and signs after exercise, but only fatigue and weakness. After the suspension of exercise, the hematuria disappears rapidly, usually within 3 days, with good prognosis and no effect on health. The presence of exercise hematuria can be a sign of maladjustment to the exercise load or a decline in physical function. The diagnosis and management of exercise hematuria is very important. In any case of post-exercise hematuria, careful consultation and examination should be performed. Transient hematuria can only be diagnosed as exercise hematuria after excluding pathological hematuria caused by systemic disorders, urinary tract lesions, and diseases of nearby organs of the urinary tract, and if it is consistent with the characteristics of exercise hematuria. Do not treat post-exercise induced hematuria with pathological changes as exercise hematuria and delay treatment.