GERD is an inflammatory, erosive, ulcerative and fibrotic lesion of the esophageal mucosa caused by the reflux of gastric and/or duodenal contents into the esophagus. The peak age of onset is 60-70 years, with a mean age of 61 years. The main symptoms of the disease include heartburn, chest pain, dysphagia, regurgitation, etc. In severe cases, bleeding may occur due to esophageal mucosal erosion, and a few patients may develop symptoms outside the digestive tract such as cough and asthma. The characteristics of esophageal chest pain are very similar to angina pectoris and can be easily confused. It has been reported that a number of patients with GERD have been misdiagnosed as coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and long-term treatment as coronary heart disease and angina pectoris has been ineffective. The main points of differentiation between the two diseases are: esophageal chest pain manifests as burning or stabbing pain behind the sternum or under the sternum, or it can be dull pain; its attacks are related to eating, physical activity, body position such as lying down and bending, etc., and can be relieved by eating cow’s milk, drinking water, and acid suppressants. In contrast, angina pectoris mostly develops at night, worsens after exertion, and cannot be relieved after eating. Position has little effect on the condition, and taking vasodilator drugs, such as anti-cardiac pain and nitroglycerin, is obviously effective. There are many examination methods for reflux esophagitis. Among them, barium esophageal x-ray and endoscopy are of great significance for diagnostic examinations. There are also 24-hour pH measurements of the esophagus and intraesophageal luminal pressure measurements, which are useful for diagnosis. The aim of treatment for this disease is to control symptoms, reduce recurrence, and prevent and treat complications. Therapeutic measures include general treatment, pharmacological treatment and surgical treatment. In recent years, the detection rate of reflux esophagitis is increasing, and the misdiagnosis rate is very high.