Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) is a thyrotoxic condition caused by hyperfunctioning thyroid glands with increased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Depending on the cause, hyperthyroidism can be categorized as Graves’ disease, multinodular goiter with hyperthyroidism, autonomous high-functioning adenoma of the thyroid gland, iodine hyperthyroidism, pituitary hyperthyroidism, and chorionic gonadotropin-associated hyperthyroidism. Of these, Graves’ disease is the most common, accounting for about 85% of all hyperthyroidism. The development of hyperthyroidism is associated with autoimmunity and has a significant genetic predisposition. In addition, bacterial infections, sex hormones, and stress have an impact on the occurrence and development of hyperthyroidism. Survey data show that the incidence of hyperthyroidism in China is 3.7%, and it is most common in the 20-40 age group, especially in women. Typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism include agitation, restlessness and insomnia, palpitations, fatigue, fear of heat, excessive sweating, loss of weight, hyper appetite, increased stool frequency or diarrhea, and scanty menstruation in women, often accompanied by varying degrees of goiter and protruding eyes. It may be atypical in the elderly and requires attention to differentiate. There are three main treatments for hyperthyroidism: antithyroid drugs, isotope (131I) and surgery. Depending on the individual characteristics of different hyperthyroid patients, clinicians will choose the appropriate method. Antithyroid drugs (including imidazoles and thioureas) are the basic treatment for hyperthyroidism, and their function is to inhibit the thyroid gland from synthesizing thyroid hormones. The duration of hyperthyroidism medication is usually 1 to 2 years, with an average remission rate of 50%. For patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism despite prolonged drug therapy, isotope therapy and surgery are appropriate. Both treat hyperthyroidism by destroying thyroid tissue and reducing the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Both have the advantages of short course of treatment, high cure rate and low recurrence rate, but the incidence of hypothyroidism is high. In daily life, it is also necessary to pay attention to scientific diet, forbidding iodine-rich foods, such as kelp, nori, shrimp, etc.; avoiding the use of iodized salt; banning amiodarone, as well as iodine-containing vitamins, lozenges, etc.; avoiding long-term exposure to ionizing radiation; avoiding mental stress and abnormal mood swings; quitting smoking, etc..