Overview of Hookworm Duodenitis Syndrome
Hookworm duodenitis syndrome is a hookworm duodenitis caused by hookworm infection, also known as Griesinger syndrome, which was first discovered by Italian scholar Dabin in 1843. It was first discovered by Italian scholar Dabin in 1843, and has been reported all over the world since then, mainly distributed in temperate regions, with China being one of the most frequent regions. This syndrome is characterized by increased eating and weight loss, epigastric discomfort and pain, and abdominal distension after eating. In the later stage, there is loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and heterophilia.
Etiology
It is hookworm duodenitis caused by hookworm infection.
Symptoms
The syndrome begins with increased eating and weight loss, epigastric discomfort and vague pain, and abdominal distension after eating. Later, there is loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation or reduced diarrhea, and xerostomia. In some patients, the symptoms resemble ulcer disease, so that 10% of patients are clinically mistaken for ulcer disease, however, the pain is not rhythmic and antacids are ineffective.
Examination
1. Decreased or lack of gastric acid.
2. Typical iron deficiency anemia.
3. Positive fecal occult blood and worm eggs may be detected.
4. X-ray shows deformation of the duodenal bulb but no ulcerated niche.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of hookworm eggs in the feces based on the history. Barium contrast and gastroscopy can help to exclude ulcer or gastric cancer.
Differential diagnosis
It should be differentiated from common gastritis (acute gastritis, chronic gastritis) and peptic ulcer.
Complications
Dermatitis, anemia, heterophilia, infantile hookworm, and eosinophilia may complicate the disease.
Treatment
The main treatment is anthelmintic treatment, correction of anemia and symptomatic treatment.