I. Major risk factors of breast cancer
Knowing the main risk factors of breast cancer can help us a lot in early detection of breast cancer in a targeted way.
1. Age between 40 to 59 years old is the high incidence age group of breast cancer in China, accounting for about 75% of breast cancer patients.
2. Early menstruation is less than 12 years old and amenorrhea is later than 55 years old;
3. Unmarried over 40 years old, not pregnant or the first full-term birth is older than 35 years old, not breast-feeding after delivery;
4. Family history of breast cancer, especially if the patient’s mother or sister has had breast cancer and the disease developed before menopause;
5.Patients with breast cancer on one side, especially those with lobular carcinoma in situ or multifocal carcinoma, have higher incidence on the opposite side than normal patients;
6.Patients with chronic cystic hyperplasia of the breast with papilloma and active pathology;
7.History of multiple X-ray lung fluoroscopy or chest radiograph due to tuberculosis;
8.A history of functional uterine bleeding or adenocarcinoma of the uterine body;
9.Postmenopausal significant obesity or with diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism should be given high priority;
10. Those who have symptoms or signals of the lower breast: such as breast lump or skin thickening, breast swelling or pain, breast skin depression or inflammation, breast contour deformation, nipple overflow or blood spill, nipple retraction or multiple scales.
For the above conditions, especially for those who are at high risk of breast cancer, special attention should be paid to regular self-examination for early detection of breast cancer.
Guidelines for early detection of breast cancer
1. In 1997, the American Cancer Society (ACS) established the promotion principles for early detection of breast cancer, which include
18-39 years old: 1 breast self-examination per month and 1 clinical examination per 3 years;
40-49 years old: 1 clinical examination and mammogram every year. Women at high risk should consult with their doctors about the need to start screening before the age of 40 and the period of mammogram at the age of 40-49;
Above 50 years old: 1 clinical checkup and mammogram per year and 1 breast self-examination per month.
2. Women in China can undergo regular screening based on the following high-risk factors for breast cancer and with reference to this promotion program.
①Family history of breast cancer;
②Previous history of benign breast tumor;
③Not having children;
④ >30 years of age at the time of the first full-term pregnancy;
⑤ Age at menarche <12 years or menopause after 55 years;
(6) Excessive consumption of animal fat and overweight after menopause;
(vii) Long-term oral or injected estrogen.
3.Guidelines for women with serious high risk: Women with serious high risk of breast cancer are those who have obvious family history of breast cancer, first-degree relatives who have breast cancer before menopause or have positive genes related to breast cancer; in addition, those who have previous breast cancer, intraductal breast cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ, or atypical hyperplasia also belong to this category. These patients should be monitored more closely: breast self-examination once a month from the detection of high-risk factors; regular clinical examination once every 4-6 months from the detection of high-risk factors; mammogram once a year from the age of 35; breast MRI once a year when available.