Head swelling and pain when straining to have a bowel movement may be caused by increased cranial pressure or increased blood pressure, or there may be diseases such as intracranial aneurysm or cerebral hemorrhage. When straining to defecate, the contraction of the abdominal muscles causes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, which is then transmitted to the skull through the spinal canal, leading to a direct increase in intracranial pressure, causing head swelling and pain. In addition, a transient increase in blood pressure during defecation causes a transient increase in intracranial blood flow, which indirectly leads to an increase in intracranial pressure, causing head swelling and pain. It is recommended that blood pressure be monitored continuously to determine whether hypertension exists. In addition, if symptoms such as headache are severe, it is recommended to go to the hospital in a timely manner to determine whether an intracranial aneurysm or hemorrhage exists. If bowel movement is laborious, it is recommended to improve dietary habits, increase food intake of vegetables and fruits, and avoid single food intake. Severe or intense headache, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time.