Kidney atrophy on one side of a child may be caused by congenital or disease factors, which is a more serious situation and should be taken seriously and treated as soon as possible. Kidney atrophy on one side of a child may be caused by congenital dysplasia or tubular necrosis. If not treated in time, it may cause electrolyte disorders, metabolic acidosis, renal atrophy on the other side of the kidneys, heart failure, anemia, convulsions, coma, neurological disorders and other serious complications, and even if it is cured, it may still have sequelae, so it is a more serious situation. Children with atrophy of one side of the kidney need to actively seek medical advice and follow the doctor’s instructions for rational treatment.