In addition to eliminating metabolic waste from the body, the kidneys are also an endocrine organ, whose main role is to regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production and bone growth. The common diseases in nephrology are as follows: 1. Acute glomerulonephritis: the disease can also be called acute nephritis, a group of diseases with acute nephritis syndrome as the main clinical manifestation, characterized by acute onset, patients show hematuria, proteinuria, edema and hypertension, which can be accompanied by transient renal insufficiency; 2. Chronic glomerulonephritis: referred to as chronic nephritis, which refers to proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension and edema as basic clinical manifestations. Patients may have different ways of starting the disease, the disease is prolonged, the disease progresses slowly, there can be varying degrees of renal hypoplasia, and finally will develop into chronic renal failure; 3, nephrotic syndrome: this disease mainly manifests as proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, edema, and elevated blood lipids; 4, IgA nephropathy: this disease refers to primary glomerular disease with IgA or IgA deposits in the glomerular thylakoid area, and is the most common cause of glomerular source hematuria is the most common cause, and is also the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide, one of the most common glomerular diseases in China, and is one of the important causes of end-stage renal disease; 5, secondary nephropathy: such as lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, etc.; 6, urinary tract infection; 7, acute kidney injury; 8, chronic renal failure.