Endometriosis is the growth of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity, often ectopic in the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum, where ectopic cysts are formed, also known as chocolate cysts. The increasing incidence of endometriosis, with its painful menstruation, infertility and tendency to recur, is a serious problem for patients’ physical and mental health. Treatment options include expectant therapy, surgical treatment and medication. Individualized treatment plans are developed based on a combination of the patient’s age, the presence or absence of fertility requirements and the extent of the lesion. Surgery is the main treatment, and postoperative medication is indispensable. Early diagnosis and treatment are emphasized. Prospective treatment: Applicable to patients without obvious clinical symptoms, only gynecological examination suggesting ectopic nodules in the pelvis, especially those close to menopause, which can be reviewed regularly in 3-6 months; for patients with fertility requirements and insignificant symptoms, early pregnancy or fertility resolution by fertility treatment is recommended. Surgical treatment: Indications include large chocolate cysts, dysmenorrhea that seriously affects normal work life, severe adhesions, combined fibroids or adenomyosis, and infertile patients. There are three types of surgery: conservative surgery, semi-radical surgery and radical surgery. 1. Conservative surgery: suitable for young patients who need to preserve their reproductive function. Advantages: preservation of the uterus and ovaries, surgical removal of the ectopic lesion; improvement and enhancement of the patient’s reproductive function, and pregnancy in about 50% of patients after surgery. Disadvantages: postoperative recurrence is possible, and the incidence of reoperation is about 10%. 2.Semi-radical surgery: suitable for patients without fertility requirements, age >35 years, significant dysmenorrhea or combined with uterine fibroids or adenomyosis. The scope of surgery includes removal of ectopic lesions + uterus and preservation of some ovaries. The recurrence rate is significantly reduced after surgery, but fertility is not possible. 3.Radical surgery: suitable for older patients, especially those who are menopausal. The scope of surgery includes removal of the whole uterus + bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes. The postoperative recurrence rate is about 1%. Laparoscopic surgery is preferred for patients undergoing conservative surgery. The advantages are less trauma, faster recovery, less traumatic adhesions, etc. The postoperative pain relief rate and pregnancy rate reach the results of open surgery.